Abdomen, Thorax, and Pelvis

Question 1

What is the MOI for abdomen, thorax and pelvic injuries? What determines the extend of the injury?

Answer 1

sudden deceleration and impact. Dependent on magnitude and direction of forces and point of impact

Question 2

What is the thorax?

Answer 2

chest cavity

Question 3

What makes up the thorax?

Answer 3

thoracic cage and pleura:

• sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, thoracic vertebrae
• protects lungs and heart and is lined with pleural cavity.

Question 4

What are the anatomical landmarks for the thorax?

Answer 4

t2 spinous process aligns with superior angle of scapula
t3 spinous process aligns spine of scapula
t7 spinous process aligns with inferior angle of scapula
1st rib lies bellow clavicle and is palpated from superior approach
spleen is protected by 10th rib on left side
kidney protected by 12th rib

Question 5

What muscle is responsible for trunk flexion?

Answer 5

rectus abdominis

Question 6

What muscles are responsible for trunk flexion, rotation and side flexion?

Answer 6

external and internal obliques

Question 7

What muscle is responsible for trunk and lumbar spine core stability?

Answer 7

transverse abdominis

Question 8

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 8

sacrum, ilium, ischium, pubis and urogenital organs

Question 9

What quadrant/s is the liver located in?

Answer 9

R upper quadrant, L upper quadrant

Question 10

What quadrant/s is the gallbladder located in?

Answer 10

R upper quadrant

Question 11

What quadrant/s is the spleen located in?

Answer 11

Left upper quadrant

Question 12

What quadrant/s is the stomach found in?

Answer 12

left upper quadrant mostly

Question 13

What quadrant/s are the kidneys found in?

Answer 13

RUQ/ LUQ

Question 14

what quadrant/s is the appendix found in?

Answer 14

RLQ

Question 15

what is the major blood vessel of the trunk?

Answer 15

aorta

Question 16

What rib movement occurs during inspiration?

Answer 16

ribs pulled up and forward to increase overall anterior/posterior diameter

Question 17

What ribs increase in anteroposterior dimension?

Answer 17

ribs 1-6

Question 18

what ribs increase in lateral dimension?

Answer 18

7-10

Question 19

What should be considered when assessing injuries to the thorax and abdomen?

Answer 19

injuries can produce life-threatening situations, evaluation should focus on signs that produce life-threatening conditions.
continuous monitoring of breathing, circulation for any indication of internal bleeding or shock

Question 20

What are referred pain zones?

Answer 20

sites where pain is felt in relation to specific organs

Question 21

what is the referred pain zone for the heart?

Answer 21

left chest and down left arm

Question 22

Where are the referred pain zones for the lung and diaphragm

Question 23

Where are the referred pain zones for the lung and diaphragm?

Answer 23

neck and left trap area

Question 24

referred pain zones for the liver and gallbladder?

Answer 24

right shoulder, inferior angle of Right scapula, and right low back

Question 25

What are the 2nd leading cause of death from trauma and should be considered life threatening until proven otherwise?

Answer 25

chest injuries

Question 26

What categories of chest injuries are there?

Answer 26

blunt(closed)- rib fractures, sternal fractures
penetrating(open)- stab wound
compression- Motor vehicle accident

Question 27

What are MOI for rib contusions and fractures?

Answer 27

direct or indirect blow