Abdomen, Thorax, and Pelvis Flashcards
What is the MOI for abdomen, thorax and pelvic injuries? What determines the extend of the injury?
sudden deceleration and impact. Dependent on magnitude and direction of forces and point of impact
What is the thorax?
chest cavity
What makes up the thorax?
thoracic cage and pleura:
- sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, thoracic vertebrae
- protects lungs and heart and is lined with pleural cavity.
What are the anatomical landmarks for the thorax?
t2 spinous process aligns with superior angle of scapula
t3 spinous process aligns spine of scapula
t7 spinous process aligns with inferior angle of scapula
1st rib lies bellow clavicle and is palpated from superior approach
spleen is protected by 10th rib on left side
kidney protected by 12th rib
What muscle is responsible for trunk flexion?
rectus abdominis
What muscles are responsible for trunk flexion, rotation and side flexion?
external and internal obliques
What muscle is responsible for trunk and lumbar spine core stability?
transverse abdominis
What makes up the pelvic girdle?
sacrum, ilium, ischium, pubis and urogenital organs
What quadrant/s is the liver located in?
R upper quadrant, L upper quadrant
What quadrant/s is the gallbladder located in?
R upper quadrant
What quadrant/s is the spleen located in?
Left upper quadrant
What quadrant/s is the stomach found in?
left upper quadrant mostly
What quadrant/s are the kidneys found in?
RUQ/ LUQ
what quadrant/s is the appendix found in?
RLQ
what is the major blood vessel of the trunk?
aorta
What rib movement occurs during inspiration?
ribs pulled up and forward to increase overall anterior/posterior diameter
What ribs increase in anteroposterior dimension?
ribs 1-6
what ribs increase in lateral dimension?
7-10
What should be considered when assessing injuries to the thorax and abdomen?
injuries can produce life-threatening situations, evaluation should focus on signs that produce life-threatening conditions.
continuous monitoring of breathing, circulation for any indication of internal bleeding or shock
What are referred pain zones?
sites where pain is felt in relation to specific organs
what is the referred pain zone for the heart?
left chest and down left arm
Where are the referred pain zones for the lung and diaphragm
Where are the referred pain zones for the lung and diaphragm?
neck and left trap area
referred pain zones for the liver and gallbladder?
right shoulder, inferior angle of Right scapula, and right low back
What are the 2nd leading cause of death from trauma and should be considered life threatening until proven otherwise?
chest injuries
What categories of chest injuries are there?
blunt(closed)- rib fractures, sternal fractures
penetrating(open)- stab wound
compression- Motor vehicle accident
What are MOI for rib contusions and fractures?
direct or indirect blow
