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CSB327 > Elastin, Tissue resilience > Flashcards

Elastin, Tissue resilience Flashcards

1
Q

where is the most elastin? how much?

A

arteries. ~50%

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2
Q

What elastins half life?

A

~40-70 years

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3
Q

does tropoelastin have glycosilation?

A

no

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4
Q

is tropoelasin soluble?

A

yes. in water <20c.

but elastin isnt

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5
Q

Describe the structure of elastin

A

repeats of crosslinking domains and hydrophobic domains

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6
Q

Which AA is elasin high in and why?

A

hydrophobic res - coacervation

Lys - for crosslinking

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7
Q

Which AA is elasin low in? What is the consequence of this?

A

No met. CnBr can be used to clean it because it doenst get cleaved and everything else does

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8
Q

What does n-mer assembly of elastin look like?

A

Bootlink n-mer

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9
Q

Which temp range causes coacervation?

A

35-40c

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10
Q

what is coacervation

A

Coacervation is an endothermic, entropically-driven process driven by the cooperative interactions of hydrophobic domains following destabilization of the clathrate-like water shielding these regions.

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11
Q

Which res are NOT in the hydrophobic regions?

A

No

Met, Tyr, His, Lys

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12
Q

What secondary structure is the hydrophobic region

A

beta turns

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13
Q

What secondary structure is the crosslinking region

A

alpha helices

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14
Q

What bonds is between the beta turns in hydrophic repeats?

A

h-bond

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15
Q

What sticks out from the top and bottom of the beta turns?

A

large hydrophobic side chains

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16
Q

Which res are in the hydrophobic regions?

A

hydrophobic

gly, val, ala, pro,

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17
Q

cross describe the cross sectional view of the cross linking domains

A

high in lys and ala

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18
Q

What arrangement of lys and ala? why?

A

2,3-ala

lysine to be arranged near one another for crosslinking

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19
Q

What is between lysine crosslinks? how many lysines?

A

desmosines

4

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20
Q

What enzyme needed for lysine crosslinking? what kind of bond does it creatE?

A

lysyl oxidase.

covalent

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21
Q

What happens to the beta sheets in the stretched and relaxed position of elastin?

A

relaxed - hydrophobic side chains gather up to avoid water

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22
Q

what is elastin in animals?

A

resilin

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23
Q

Why is entropy decreased in stretched state of elastin?

A

hydrophobic side chains revealed to water

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24
Q

what happens to entropy in relaxed state?

A

increases because hydrophobic side chains join together freeing the water molecules from solvation shell

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25
Q

tropoelastin coacervation is ______ driven and ____thermic

A

entropy

endo

26
Q

Why doesn’t tropoelastin polymerize inside the cells?

A

Bound to EBP (elastin binding protein) complex in vesicle.

in extracellular env, galactose sugar binds to EBP and releases elastin. galactose sugar found in fibrillin. This then allows the coacervation

27
Q

What would happen to elastin without galactose sugar or fibrillin?

A

it would never release in the extracellular space

28
Q

Name a pattern of AA that would bind to peripheral protein on the EBP

A

VGVAPG

29
Q

What is required for the galactose sugars to be available from fibrillins? Why?

A

neuraminidase
It removes the sialic acid that is bound to the galactose sugar. Until the sialic acid is unbound, the galactose cant bind to tropoelastin

30
Q

What kind of staining used for elastins?

A

Hart’s stain

31
Q

What kind of stain for aSMA?

A

immunostain

32
Q

What kind of stain for sialomucins?

A

alcian blue stain

33
Q

What can be seen in neu -/- for elastins?

A

Aorta and smooth muscle cells have fewer and more sparse unorganized lamillae

34
Q

What is usually bound to the galactose on fibrillin?

A

sialic acid

35
Q

Which is older? Fibrillin or elastins?

A

Fibrillin

36
Q

How can we see if the localization of elastin and fibrillin-1?

A

immunostaining

37
Q

How many AA in fibrillin crosslinking and what are the AAs?

A

glutamine and lysine

38
Q

What type of crosslinking does fibrillin have?

A

transglutaminase crosslinking

39
Q

Which structure requires Ca2+? elastin or fibrillin?

A

fibrillin microfibrils

40
Q

is microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP-4) necessary for elastogenesis? why?

A

Yes.
allows microfibril formation of fibrillin-1
without which crosslinking between elastin and fibrillin doesnt work

41
Q

What is required for fibrillin microfibril formation?

A

microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP-4)

42
Q

Which protein is needed for avb3 integrin recognition? What type of motif would this protein have?

A

MAGP-2

RGD motif

43
Q

Which protein increases microfibril stability?

A

MAGP-1

44
Q

Fibrillin-1 mutation would cause?

A

loose joints

aneurysms

45
Q

Fibrillin-2 mutation would cause?

A

spider finger

marfan like

46
Q

tropoelastin mutation would cause?

A

narrowing of arterial lumen

congenital redundant skin

47
Q

Cutis laxa is caused by what? what is the inheritance type of this disease?

A

tropoelastin mutation

48
Q

elastin exon numbers for hydrophobic domains are?

elastin exon numbers for crosslinking domains are?

A

20, 24^4

21,23

49
Q

mimetic peptide elastin exon numbers for hydrophobic domains are?

A
  1. 24^2
50
Q

Can elastin self assemble?

A

Yes

51
Q

Coacervation transition temp changes how with number of hydrophobic domains and ionic strength?

A 
# of hydrophobic domains (up) > lower transition temp.
ionic strength (up) > lower transition temp.
52
Q

What would happen with fewer hydrophobic domains?

A

higher temp required for coacervation.

so chronic wounds and skin grafts

53
Q

What would happen with lower ionic strength?

A

higher temp required for coacervation.

so chronic wounds and skin grafts

54
Q

What is a good tissue engineering solution for vascular grafting? Why?

A

elastin like surface
allows binding of smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells. This was possible by VGVAPG sequencing binding to the laminin.

Also, it was shown to inhibit platelete adhsion and fibrinogen surface absorption

55
Q

Name another use of engineered tropoelastin other than vascual grafts

A

Recombinant tropoelastin coated stents to prevent thrombosis. like a net that holds the vessels open

56
Q

strongest elastic protein known in nature? Where is it located? What can you do with it?

A

resilin
in fleas. between the wing and the dorsoventral muscles
can jump 150x height

57
Q

What AA is abundant in hydrophobic regions in resilin?

A

Glycine

58
Q

What are helix break AAs? What do they do?

A

Glycine and Proline

They break regular helices and create turn conformations

59
Q

What AA forms the crosslinking in resilin?

A

Di/tri-tyrosine

60
Q

What is spider silk made of? What AA is abundant in it?

A

fibroin - made of spidroin

glycine and alanine

61
Q

What is the structure of spidroin and what AA is in these structures?

A

beta sheets - Gly/Ala rich

crstaline Ala repeats in between

CSB327 (5 decks)

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