EL - Ionic bonding

Question 1

What is a compound?

Answer 1

Atoms of different elements bonded together.

Question 2

What do you get when different elements join or bond together?

Answer 2

A compound.

Question 3

What are the 2 types of bonding compounds?

Answer 3

Ionic and covalent.

Question 4

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 4

When ions are stuck together by electrostatic attractions.

Question 5

How are ions formed?

Answer 5

When electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Question 6

What are the simplest ions?

Answer 6

Single atoms which have either lost or gained 1, 2 or 3 electrons so that they’ve got a full outer shell.

Question 7

If elements in the same group have the same number of outer electrons, what does this mean about the ions they form?

Answer 7

They have to lose or gain the same number to get a full outer shell meaning that they form ions with the same charges.

Question 8

What ions do group 1 elements form?

Answer 8

1+ ions

Question 9

What ions do group 2 elements form?

Answer 9

2+ ions

Question 10

What ions do group 6 elements form?

Answer 10

2- ions

Question 11

What ions do group 7 elements form?

Answer 11

1- ions

Question 12

Generally the charge on a metal ion is equal to what?

Answer 12

Its group number.

Question 13

The charge on a non-metal ion is equal to what?

Answer 13

Its group number minus 8.

Question 14

What are electrostatic attractions?

Answer 14

The forces that hold positive and negative ions together.

Question 15

What forces hold positive and negative ions together?

Answer 15

Electrostatic.

Question 16

How strong are electrostatic forces?

Answer 16

Very strong.

Question 17

What is it called when electrons are held together by electrostatic forces?

Answer 17

Ionic bonding.

Question 18

What type of compound are sodium chloride and magnesium oxide?

Answer 18

Ionic compounds.

Question 19

What is the formula for sodium chloride?

Answer 19

NaCl.

Question 20

What does the formula of sodium chloride (NaCl) tell you?

Answer 20

It is made up from Na+ ions and Cl- ions in a 1:1 ratio.

Question 21

What diagrams show how ionic bonding works?

Answer 21

Dot-and-cross diagrams.

Question 22

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?

Answer 22

Zero.

Question 23

Why is the overall charge of an ionic compound 0?

Answer 23

The positive charges in the compound balance the negative charges exactly.

Question 24

What type of structure does sodium chloride have?

Answer 24

A giant ionic lattice structure.

Question 25

What are ionic crystals?

Answer 25

Giant lattices of ions.

Question 26

What is a lattice?

Answer 26

A regular, repeating structure.

Question 27

Why are giant ionic lattices 'giant'?

Answer 27

Because it is made up of the same basic unit repeated over and over again.

Question 28

What do the ions within a lattice do?

Answer 28

Ions with different charges attract each other and the ions with the same charge repel each other.

Question 29

How do ions within a lattice arrange themselves?

Answer 29

They arrange themselves to maximise the attractions and minimise the repulsions.

Question 30

What is the overall attraction in the lattice known as?

Answer 30

Ionic bonding.

Question 31

How do the structures of different ionic compounds differ?

Answer 31

Different ionic compounds have different shaped structures, but they are all still giant lattices.

Question 32

What decides the physical properties of an ionic compound?

Answer 32

The structure of them.

Question 33

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 33

When they're molten or dissolved - but not when they're solid.

Question 34

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when they're molten or dissolved - but not when they're solid?

Answer 34

The ions in a liquid or a solution are free to move (and when they move, their charges move with them). In a solid they're in a fixed position by the strong ionic bonds.

Question 35

What is the melting point of ionic compounds like?

Answer 35

High.

Question 36

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer 36

The giant ionic lattices are held together by strong electrostatic forces. It takes lots of energy to overcome these forces, so melting points are very high (e.g. 801 degrees celsius for sodium chloride).

Question 37

Are ionic compound soluble?

Answer 37

They are often soluble in water.

Question 38

Why are ionic compounds often soluble in water?

Answer 38

Water molecules are polar - part of the molecule has a small negative charge and the other bits have small positive charges. The water molecules pull the ions away from the lattice and cause it to dissolve.

Question 39

What are 3 physical properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 39

Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved - but not when they're solid. High melting points. Often soluble in water.

Question 40

What does ionic structure explain?

Answer 40

The behaviours of ionic compounds.

Question 41

What does ionic bonding happen between?

Answer 41

A non-metal and a metal.