DF - Organic groups Flashcards
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons.
What are cycloalkanes?
A ring of carbon atoms with 2 hydrogens attached to each carbon.
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons.
What do all alkene molecules have?
At least one C=C double covalent bond.
What is benzene?
Has a ring of delocalised electrons.
Is like a cyclic alkene with 6 carbons and 3 double bonds.
What are compounds with benzene ring structures called?
Arenes or aromatic compounds.
What type of compound are alkanes and alkenes?
Aliphatic compounds.
What are alkanes, alkenes and alcohols examples of?
Homologous series - families of compounds with the same general formula.
What is the -OH called in an alcohol?
A hydroxyl group.
What does nomenclature mean?
Naming of organic compounds.
How do you name an organic compound?
Count the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain - this gives you the stem. (meth-, eth-, etc.)
The main functional group of the molecule usually gives you the end of the name (the suffix).
Write the carbon number that the functional group is on before the suffix.
Add any side chains or less important functional groups in alphabetical order after the number of the carbon atom each is attached to.
If there is more than one identical side-chain or functional group, use di-, tri- or tetra- before that part of the name.
