EL 3 - Bonding and Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

In a covalent bond, a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. Covalent bonds are strong as there is a strong electrostatic attraction between these shared electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

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2
Q

Why do giant covalent lattices have a much greater melting point than simple covalent molecules?

A

The covalent bonds between the atoms in a giant covalent lattice are much stronger than the instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces between the simple covalent molecules

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3
Q

Why are ionic substances only conductive when dissolved?

A

When ions are in a solid, they are unable to move so they cannot carry charge. Dissolving the solid causes the ions to be more mobile, so they are free to carry charge

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4
Q

Why do covalent and ionic lattices have high melting points?

A

Both lattices contain atoms that have multiple strong bonds around them, these bonds take a lot of (heat) energy to break

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5
Q

What are the non-linear bond angle and conditions?

A

104.5 degrees
Two bonded pairs and two lone pairs

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6
Q

What are the trigonal planar bond angle and conditions?

A

120 degrees
Three bonded pairs

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7
Q

What are the trigonal pyramidal bond angle and conditions?

A

107 degrees
Three bonded pairs and one lone pair

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8
Q

What are the tetrahedral bond angle and conditions?

A

109.5 degrees
Four bonded pairs

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9
Q

What are the octahedral bond angle and conditions?

A

90 degrees
Six bonded pairs

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10
Q

How do different numbers of bonded and lone pairs produce different shapes in molecules?

A

Lone pairs repel more than bonded pairs

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11
Q

How does bonding occur in an ionic lattice?

A

The attraction between ions of different charges and the repulsion between ions of the same charge causes overall attraction in the lattice

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