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Clin med cardiology > EKG interpretation > Flashcards

EKG interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

At what age are EKG screenings done

A

65 and over

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2
Q

Which coronary artery supplies blood to majority of the heart

A

RCA

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3
Q

Which leads are unipolar

A

augmented

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4
Q

When you look at an EKG strip, which leads are your view point

A

Positive leads

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5
Q

What congenital disease is known for a short PR interval

A

WPW

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6
Q

What is indicative on EKG if someone has an AV block

A

Long PR interval

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7
Q

What congenital issue can cause prolonged QT

A

K+ channelopathy

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8
Q

What are the biggest things to notice on lead 2

A

Rate
Rhythm
Intervals

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9
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate on a rhythm strip

A

QRS complexes seen
multiplied by 10

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10
Q

How to calculate the heart hate on a standard 12 lead

A

QRS complexes seen
multiplied by 6

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11
Q

What is the frequency of the AV node

A

45-50 bpm

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12
Q

Which leads are unipolar

A

V leads

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13
Q

How many seconds is 1 big square on an ecg

A

.2 seconds

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14
Q

How many seconds is 1 small square

A

.04 seconds

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15
Q

How long is a normal QRS duration

A

.06-.10 seconds

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16
Q

When will you see a U wave

A

Hypokalemia
medication toxicity

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17
Q

How long is each lead in seconds

A

2.5

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18
Q

Where is V1 located

A

R side sternum, 4th intercostal space

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19
Q

Where is V2 located

A

L side sternum, 4th intercostal space

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20
Q

Where is V3 located

A

between V2 and V4

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21
Q

Where is V4 located

A

L. mid clavicular, 5th intercostal space

22
Q

Where is V5 located

A

L anterior axillary 5th intercostal space

23
Q

Where is V6 located

A

L mid axillary, 5th intercostal space

24
Q

What is the electrical axis

A

The average direction of all waves of depolarization in the heart at one time

25
Q

Where does the electrical impulse in the ventricle start

A

Left side of the septum

26
Q

What is the right axis deviation

A

+90 to 180 degrees
* from COPD / WPW / pulm. embolism

27
Q

What is Left axis deviation

A

-30 to -90 degrees
* from pregnancy / hyperkalemia
/ left sided hypertrophy

28
Q

What is extreme axis deviation

A

-90 to -150
*generally misplaced leads / Vtach / poor coronary artery perfusion

29
Q

How do you determine axis deviation

A

By looking at lead 1 and AVF

30
Q

What does normal axis deviation look like

A

Both Avi and lead 1 are going up

31
Q

What does Right axis deviation look like

A

Lead 1 is going down
AVF is going up

32
Q

What does left axis deviation look like

A

Lead 1 is going up and AVF is going down

33
Q

What does no man’s land axis deviation look like

A

both lead 1 and AVF is going down

34
Q

What is the QRS duration of an incomplete BBB

A

.10-.12

35
Q

What is a bundle branch block

A

delay or blockage of the ventricular conduction system

36
Q

During a BBB, where does the electrical impulse go

A

impulse will travel across the cardiac myocytes instead of the nodal pathway

37
Q

when do you see a “saddle” on an EKG

A

Left atrial enlargement

38
Q

What occurs on an EKG with ventricular hypertrophy

A

there will be an increase in amplitude and often will have ST depression

39
Q

When is ventricular hypertrophy normal

A

Thin
Young adults
Athletes

40
Q

What is the most common cause of LVH

A

HTN

*can also be caused by
-aortic stenosis
-aortic insufficiency
-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

41
Q

What is the sokolov-lyon criteria

A

Add the S wave in V1 plus the R wave in V5 or V6 (whichever is taller). If the sum is greater than 35 mm, LVH is present

42
Q

f there is ST depression combined with T wave changes, what is it indicative of

A

Full thickness ischemia

43
Q

If there is widespread ST depression without any T wave changes on an EKG, what does it mean

A

there is diffuse subendocardial ischemia

44
Q

What ST segment changes are indicative of a ischemia

A

Downsloping & horizontal

45
Q

What is Sgarbossa criteria used for

A

used in the diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction when a left bundle branch block is present.

46
Q

What is Brugada syndrome

A

Sodium channelopathy

47
Q

Who does brugada syndrome occur in most frequently

A

Males
*most asians

48
Q

What are the EKG findings in Brugada syndrome

A

ST elevation >2mm in V1-V3 followed by a negative T wave

Must meet clinical criteria

49
Q

What is the clinical criteria for brugada syndrome

A

Family hx of sudden cardiac death <45 years old

Hx of syncope

Nocturnal agonal respiration

50
Q

What is the treatment of Brugada syndrome

A

Internal Pacer

51
Q

What will an EKG look like in someone who has pericarditis

A

ST depression w/ PR elevation in lead aVR

52
Q

When is an Osborn wave seen

A

Hypothermia

Clin med cardiology (10 decks)

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