cardiomyopathy Flashcards
what is the most common type of cardiomyopathy
dilated
Who is dilated cardiomyopathy most common in
males
(Black higher than white)
What systemic immune mediated disease can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy
Sarcoidosis
Which 2 reasons are the most common causes for dilated cardiomyopathy
genetic
peripartum
What is dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by
ventricular enlargement
No associated hypertrophy
reduced contractility
How do you determine stroke volume
EDV- ESV
When will symptoms occur in those with dilated cardiomyopathy
CO falls
What disease will dilated cardiomyopathy mimic / lead to
HF
-fluid overload
-decreased perfusion
What is PND
SOB that awakens the patient from sleep that is relieved from sitting up
What will be seen on exam with left sided heart failure
Rales
Wheezes
S3 / S4 heart sound
regurge
What will be seen on exam with right sided HF
Peripheral edema
RUQ pain
Anorexia
Bloating / weight gain
fatigue
What will be seen on a CXR for CHF
Cardiomegaly
Cephalization
hilar fullness
plural effusion
What is first line treatment for heart failure
Beta blocker an ACE
If the heart failure is refractory, what treatment should be added
aldosterone antagonist
**Add ARNi in place of ACEi
What is the #1 cause of sudden cardiac death in young
HOCM
When does HOCM generally present
males in there 20s
What is the most common cause of LVH
HTN
How is HOCM characterized
myocyte disarray
LVH (asymmetrical septal thickening)
Impaired diastolic function
LV outflow obstruction
What is the most common symptom of HOCM
Dyspnea
What is the presentation of HOCM
Angina w/o CAD
Syncope
orthostatic hypotension
arrhythmias
Dyspnea
What physical exam abnormalities are associated with HOCM
Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur at left lower sternal border
Mitral regurge
Bifid carotid pulse
How is mitral regurge in HOCM effected by valsalva and squatting
Improved with squatting
worse with valsalva & standing
What EKG findings are seen with HOCM
Q waves
ST depression or inversion
What is the treatment for HOCM
Avoid strenuous exercise (SCD risk)
Avoid diuretics (worsens LVOO)
Verapamil if needed
If HOCM is refractory how do you treat
Septal myectomy
ETOH ablation
What is an SCD prevention for younger people
ICD
What is the most common cause of Restrictive myopathy
Amyloidosis (infiltrative)
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by
Atrial enlargement
Ventricle stiffness
MINIMAL ventricular hypertrophy
impaired diastolic function
What is the best diagnostic test for restrictive cardiomyopathy
Biopsy
*Congo red for amyloidosis
What will be seen on CXR with restrictive cardiomyopathy
normal heart size
pulmonary congestion
What is the treatment for restrictive cardiomyopathy
target underlying cause
salt restriction
diuretics PRN for fluid overload
