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Cardiology > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

heart rate from EKG grid

A

300/ # of large boxes between each R wave

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2
Q

heart rate (irregular) from EKG grid

A

10* # of complexes per 6 seconds

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3
Q

represents atrial polarization

A

P wave

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4
Q

time to conduct through AV node and His/Purkinje fibers

A

PR segment

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5
Q

ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

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6
Q

period when ventricles are depolarized

A

ST segment

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7
Q

ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

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8
Q

unknown origin

A

U wave

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9
Q

normal PR segment

A

.12-.20 sec (lead II)

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10
Q

normal QRS duration

A

.10 sec or less (lead II)

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11
Q

normal QT duration

A

.44 sec or less (if HR is 60)

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12
Q

QT should be less than

A

½ of RR interval

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13
Q

60-100 bpm, regular, one P per QRS, Pr interval .12-.20, QRS width <.12

A

sinus rhythm

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14
Q

> 100 bpm, regular, P waves upright, PR normal, QRS normal

A

sinus tachycardia

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15
Q

<60 bpm

A

sinus bradycardia

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16
Q

irregular rhythm, normal rate, P wave is premature, positive, abnormally shaped. PR interval is normal or longer, QRS is normal.

A

premature atrial contraction

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17
Q

irregular rhythm, underlying rate, absent P wave, no PR interval. Wide QRS with bizarre appearance.

A

premature ventricular contraction

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18
Q

Two PVCs are a couplet, three in a row with a fast rhythm is

A

ventricular tachycardia

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19
Q

irregular rhythm with progressive PR interval lengthening until a QRS is missed completely, same rate, normal P wave, normal QRS

A

type I heart block

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20
Q

rhythm is regular (atrial) and irregular (ventricular), HR is faster atrial than ventricular, P is normal form, but more Ps than QRS complexes, PR interval is normal or prolonged, QRS is normal or wide.

A

type II heart block

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21
Q

rhythm is regular, but atrial and ventricular rhythms are independent. Atrial HR is usually normal and faster than ventricular. P wave is normal shape and size, but may appear within QRS complexes, PR interval is absent, QRS is normal, or wide (if junctional escape focus)

A

complete heart block

22
Q

rhythm is regular, rate is fast (150-250 bpm), P wave is merged with T wave, PR interval is normal (may be hard to measure), QRS is normal.

A

supraventricular tachycardia

23
Q

rhythm is irregular, rate is very fast (>350 bpm) for atrial, but ventricular may be slow, normal or fast. P wave is absent (replaced by a fine wavy wave), PR interval is absent, QRS is normal or widened (if there are conductive delays)

A

atrial fibrillation

24
Q

rhythm is regular or irregular, HR is fast (250-350) for atrial, ventricular rate is often slower. P wave is not observable, but saw-tooth flutter waves are present. PR is not measurable, QRS is normal.

A

atrial flutter

25
Q

rhythm is regular, HR is fast (100-250 bpm), P wave is absent, PR is not measurable, QRS is wide, bizarre (each QRS form may be similar or varied).

A

ventricular tachycardia

26
Q

irregular rhythm, HR is fast (200-250), P wave is absent, PR is not measurable, QRS is wide, bizarre looking (QRS twists around the baseline)

A

torsade (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia)

27
Q

highly irregular rhythm, unmeasurable HR, Absent P wave and QRS. Tracing is a wavy line.

A

ventricular fibrillation

28
Q

bifid P waves indicate

A

left atrial hypertrophy

29
Q

peaked P waves (>2.5 mm) indicate

A

right atrial enlargement

30
Q

wide QRS (>.12 sec) indicates

A

hyperkalemia, bundle branch block

31
Q

prominent QRS voltage indicates

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

32
Q

normal QRS voltage, leads V1 and V5

A

S in V1 + R in V5 <3.5 mV

33
Q

normal QRS voltage, precordial leads

A

R+S in precordial lead < 4.5 mV

34
Q

normal QRS voltage, leads V5 or V6

A

R in V5 or V6 < 2.6 mV

35
Q

sudden death (genetic variants, drugs)

A

prolonged QT

36
Q

ST elevation indicates

A

pericarditis, myocardial infarction

37
Q

ST depression indicates

A

myocardial ischemia

38
Q

locations: V1, V2

A

septum

39
Q

locations: V3, V4

A

anterior wall

40
Q

locations: I, aVL, V5, V6

A

lateral wall

41
Q

locations: II, III, aVF

A

inferior wall

42
Q

LAD occlusion

A

V1-V6

43
Q

Cx occlusion

A

I, aVL, possibly V5, V6

44
Q

RCA occlusion

A

II, III, aVF

45
Q

P waves in sinus rhythm

A

upright in I and II, inverted in aVR

46
Q

lead I and II both positive

A

normal axis

47
Q

lead I positive, lead II negative

A

left axis

48
Q

lead I positive, lead aVF positive

A

right axis

49
Q

lead I and aVF both negative

A

extreme right axis

50
Q

analyse P waves in

A

leads II and V1

51
Q

leads that may have normal isolated wide Q waves

A

III, aVR, and V1

52
Q

wide Q in two consecutive leads may mean

A

myocardial necrosis

Cardiology (8 decks)

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