EKG

Question 1

heart rate from EKG grid

Answer 1

300/ # of large boxes between each R wave

Question 2

heart rate (irregular) from EKG grid

Answer 2

10* # of complexes per 6 seconds

Question 3

represents atrial polarization

Answer 3

P wave

Question 4

time to conduct through AV node and His/Purkinje fibers

Answer 4

PR segment

Question 5

ventricular depolarization

Answer 5

QRS complex

Question 6

period when ventricles are depolarized

Answer 6

ST segment

Question 7

ventricular repolarization

Answer 7

T wave

Question 8

unknown origin

Answer 8

U wave

Question 9

normal PR segment

Answer 9

.12-.20 sec (lead II)

Question 10

normal QRS duration

Answer 10

.10 sec or less (lead II)

Question 11

normal QT duration

Answer 11

.44 sec or less (if HR is 60)

Question 12

QT should be less than

Answer 12

½ of RR interval

Question 13

60-100 bpm, regular, one P per QRS, Pr interval .12-.20, QRS width <.12

Answer 13

sinus rhythm

Question 14

> 100 bpm, regular, P waves upright, PR normal, QRS normal

Answer 14

sinus tachycardia

Question 15

<60 bpm

Answer 15

sinus bradycardia

Question 16

irregular rhythm, normal rate, P wave is premature, positive, abnormally shaped. PR interval is normal or longer, QRS is normal.

Answer 16

premature atrial contraction

Question 17

irregular rhythm, underlying rate, absent P wave, no PR interval. Wide QRS with bizarre appearance.

Answer 17

premature ventricular contraction

Question 18

Two PVCs are a couplet, three in a row with a fast rhythm is

Answer 18

ventricular tachycardia

Question 19

irregular rhythm with progressive PR interval lengthening until a QRS is missed completely, same rate, normal P wave, normal QRS

Answer 19

type I heart block

Question 20

rhythm is regular (atrial) and irregular (ventricular), HR is faster atrial than ventricular, P is normal form, but more Ps than QRS complexes, PR interval is normal or prolonged, QRS is normal or wide.

Answer 20

type II heart block

Question 21

rhythm is regular, but atrial and ventricular rhythms are independent. Atrial HR is usually normal and faster than ventricular. P wave is normal shape and size, but may appear within QRS complexes, PR interval is absent, QRS is normal, or wide (if junctional escape focus)

Answer 21

complete heart block

Question 22

rhythm is regular, rate is fast (150-250 bpm), P wave is merged with T wave, PR interval is normal (may be hard to measure), QRS is normal.

Answer 22

supraventricular tachycardia

Question 23

rhythm is irregular, rate is very fast (>350 bpm) for atrial, but ventricular may be slow, normal or fast. P wave is absent (replaced by a fine wavy wave), PR interval is absent, QRS is normal or widened (if there are conductive delays)

Answer 23

atrial fibrillation

Question 24

rhythm is regular or irregular, HR is fast (250-350) for atrial, ventricular rate is often slower. P wave is not observable, but saw-tooth flutter waves are present. PR is not measurable, QRS is normal.

Answer 24

atrial flutter

Question 25

rhythm is regular, HR is fast (100-250 bpm), P wave is absent, PR is not measurable, QRS is wide, bizarre (each QRS form may be similar or varied).

Answer 25

ventricular tachycardia

Question 26

irregular rhythm, HR is fast (200-250), P wave is absent, PR is not measurable, QRS is wide, bizarre looking (QRS twists around the baseline)

Answer 26

torsade (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia)

Question 27

highly irregular rhythm, unmeasurable HR, Absent P wave and QRS. Tracing is a wavy line.

Answer 27

ventricular fibrillation

Question 28

bifid P waves indicate

Answer 28

left atrial hypertrophy

Question 29

peaked P waves (>2.5 mm) indicate

Answer 29

right atrial enlargement

Question 30

wide QRS (>.12 sec) indicates

Answer 30

hyperkalemia, bundle branch block

Question 31

prominent QRS voltage indicates

Answer 31

left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 32

normal QRS voltage, leads V1 and V5

Answer 32

S in V1 + R in V5 <3.5 mV

Question 33

normal QRS voltage, precordial leads

Answer 33

R+S in precordial lead < 4.5 mV

Question 34

normal QRS voltage, leads V5 or V6

Answer 34

R in V5 or V6 < 2.6 mV

Question 35

sudden death (genetic variants, drugs)

Answer 35

prolonged QT

Question 36

ST elevation indicates

Answer 36

pericarditis, myocardial infarction

Question 37

ST depression indicates

Answer 37

myocardial ischemia

Question 38

locations: V1, V2

Answer 38

septum

Question 39

locations: V3, V4

Answer 39

anterior wall

Question 40

locations: I, aVL, V5, V6

Answer 40

lateral wall

Question 41

locations: II, III, aVF

Answer 41

inferior wall

Question 42

LAD occlusion

Answer 42

V1-V6

Question 43

Cx occlusion

Answer 43

I, aVL, possibly V5, V6

Question 44

RCA occlusion

Answer 44

II, III, aVF

Question 45

P waves in sinus rhythm

Answer 45

upright in I and II, inverted in aVR

Question 46

lead I and II both positive

Answer 46

normal axis

Question 47

lead I positive, lead II negative

Answer 47

left axis

Question 48

lead I positive, lead aVF positive

Answer 48

right axis

Question 49

lead I and aVF both negative

Answer 49

extreme right axis

Question 50

analyse P waves in

Answer 50

leads II and V1

Question 51

leads that may have normal isolated wide Q waves

Answer 51

III, aVR, and V1

Question 52

wide Q in two consecutive leads may mean

Answer 52

myocardial necrosis