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Reproductive Physiology > Ejacultion, Semen Collection and Evaluation > Flashcards

Ejacultion, Semen Collection and Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

what is ejaculation

A

the reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male repro tract
basic mechanisms for ejaculation remain similar among all mammals

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2
Q

what are the 4 primary mechanism of ejaculation

A

1- intromission
2- stimulation of the glans penis
3- emission
4- forceful muscle contractions

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3
Q

what is the 1st step in ejaculation process

A

intromission- insertion of the penis into the vagina

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4
Q

what is the 2nd step in ejaculation process

A

stimulation of the glans penis
neural impulses are transmitted from the glans penis to the spinal cord
firing of spinal nerves leads to contractions in the epididymis and vas deferens
semes is forces into urethra

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5
Q

what is the 3rd step in the ejaculation process

A

emission- movement of seminal fluids from accessory sex glands into the pelvic urethra for mixture with sperm cells

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6
Q

what is the 4th step of the ejaculation process

A

forceful muscle contractions
the urethralis (pelvic urethra), ischiocavernous and bulbspongiosous muscles contract to expel semen

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7
Q

what are the 5 methods used for the collection of semen

A

1- artificial vagina
2- electroejaculation
3- glove-hand method
4- condom
5- digital manipulation

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8
Q

how does the artificial vagina work

A

simulates the vagina during natural mating. sensory stimulation of the glans penis
filled with warm water. body temp and internal pressure

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9
Q

what animals can use an artificial vagina

A

rams
bucks
bulls
boars
stallions

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10
Q

what are disadvantages of artificial vagina

A

requires a dummy female or a female in estrus
males must be trained
shy or crippled males can present a problem

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11
Q

how does the process of electroejaculation work

A

stimulation of the accessory sex glands and pelvic urethra
the brain of the male is simply by- passed
overstimulation of the sex glands leads to excessive semen volume

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12
Q

what animals can be used for electroejaculation

A

bulls
rams
boars
NEVER STALLIONS

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13
Q

what are disadvantages of electroejaculation

A

males that cannot perform mounting and ejaculation such as crippled or infantile penis

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14
Q

what animal is used for glove-hand method

A

most commonly in boars

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15
Q

how does the glove-hand method work

A

pressure is applied to glans penis to stimulate pressure of the cervix during mating

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16
Q

what is advantage of glove-hand method

A

representative sample can be achieved

17
Q

what is disadvantage of glove-hand method

A

process takes about 5-10 minutes

18
Q

what animal is used for digital manipulation

A

poultry and dogs

19
Q

how does digital manipulation work

A

tech uses hand to stimulate the penis (dog) or papillae (tom) and cause ejaculation

20
Q

what is advantage of digital manipulation

A

representative sample can be achieved

21
Q

what is disadvantage of digital manipulation

A

process can be time consuming in dogs

22
Q

what is volume and concentration of boars

A

volume- 200-250ml
concentration- 0.3 billion/ml

23
Q

what is volume and concentration of bull

A

volume- 5-8 ml
concentration- 1 billion/ml

24
Q

what is the volume and concentration of ram

A

volume- 0.5-1 ml
concentration- 3 billion/ml

25
Q

what is the volume and concentration of stallion

A

volume- 70-120 ml
concentration- 0.3 billion/ml

26
Q

what is the volume and concentration of dog

A

volume- 2-3 ml
concentration- 0.3 billion/ml

27
Q

what is the volume and concentration of tom (cat)

A

volume- 0.2-0.5 ml
concentration- 0.5 billion/ml

28
Q

what is the volume and concentration of human

A

volume- 3-5 ml
concentration- 0.1 billion/ml

29
Q

what is the volume and concentration of cock

A

volume- 0.5 ml
concentration- 4 billion/ml

30
Q

what animal has the highest total number of sperm cells/ ejaculate

A

boar

31
Q

what animal has the highest sperm cell concentration ejaculate in mammals

A

ram

32
Q

what techniques are for determining sperm cell concentration in the semen

A

visual appraisal
spectrophotometer
hemocytometer

33
Q

what is a good % of progressive motility refers to the forward movement of sperm cells and what is bad

A

good- higher than 60%
bad- lower than 60%

34
Q

what is the % of abnormal cells considered acceptable

A

5-15

35
Q
A

Reproductive Physiology (19 decks)

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