Effects of Institutionalization

Question 1

What is institutionalization?

Answer 1

-child spend long period
-living outside of family home and in a institution
-e.g orphange
-result in a personal loss of identity
-adopting norm and value of institution
-impair cognitive functioning

Question 1

What are the 3 different effect on institutionalization?

Answer 1

-reactive attachment disorder
-Disinhibited attachment
-cognitive impairment

Question 2

What is reactive attachment disorder?

Answer 2

-unable to trust/ lover others
-isolated
-selfish
-sociopathic
-lack remorse

Question 3

What is Disinhibited attachment?

Answer 3

-overly familiar fashion with strangers
-e.g friendly/affectionate
-caused by long periods of institutional care
-adapt multiple caregivers during sensitive period
-(zeenah et al) institutionalization have behavioral disorders

Question 4

what is cognitive impairment?

Answer 4

-delay in intellectual development
-low IQ
-problem with concentration
-difficulty in learning new concepts and behavior

Question 5

Who did research into the effects of institutionalization?

Answer 5

Rutter et al

Question 6

What was his procedure?

Answer 6

Longitudinal study which physical, emotional and cognitive development was assessed at ages 4,6,11,15

Question 7

What was the sample Rutter et al used?

Answer 7

111 romanian orphans adopted by English families.

Question 8

What was Rutter Et Al’s procedure?

Answer 8

-adopted before 6 months
-adopted between 6 months and 2 years
-adopted after the age of 2
compared to 52 British adopted children(control group)

Question 9

Name all evaluations into the effect of institutionalization.

Answer 9

-practical application
-Rutter et al study
-different confounding variables

Question 10

Explain the evaluation of practical application.

Answer 10

-principle of the theory that institutionalization has led to psychological problems
-led to improvement in conditions experience by children growing outside family home
-e.g child homes avoid large numbers of caregivers
-instead 1/2 key workers
-play central role in Childs emotional care reduce negative effects of institutionalization

Question 11

Explain the evaluation of different confounding variables.

Answer 11

-Quality of care in institution extremely poor
-child receive low intellectual stimulation/ comfort
-harmful effect seen maybe due to the effects of poor institutional care

Question 12

Explain the evaluation of Rutters study.

Answer 12

-compared 111 Romanian orphans to 52 adopted British children
-age of adoption naturally occurring IV and children development was assessed
-found those later adopted had higher levels of disinhibited attachment age 4 and age 11 low IQ
-long term negative effects

Question 13

What were Rutter Et Al’s findings?

Answer 13

-50% had cognitive impairment and severe undernourishment
-Those who were adopted later had higher levels of disinhibted attachment
-11 mean IQ for those adopted later was lower than those adopted earlier showing cognitive imparement.