Effects of institutionalisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is institutionalisation?

A

Children spending a long period of time outside of the family home within an institution

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2
Q

What can institutionalisation result in?

A

A loss of personal identity and child adopting norms and rules of institution which can impair cognitive functioning

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3
Q

What are the three effects of institutionalisation?

A

Reactive attachment disorder
Disinhibited attachment
Cognitive impairment

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4
Q

How does a reactive attachment disorder develop?

A

Extreme lack of sensitive responsiveness from parent in early life

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5
Q

What does lack of sensitive responsiveness lead to?

A

A child growing up unable to love or trust others

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6
Q

What is the personality like of someone with a reactive attachment disorder?

A

Become isolated and very selfish
(almost sociopathic)

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7
Q

How do children with a disinhibited attachment select attachment figures?

A

Indiscriminately

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8
Q

How do children with disinhibited attachments act around complete strangers?

A

Overly friendly and affectionate

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9
Q

What causes a disinhibited attachment?

A

long periods of institutional care in early life, may learn to attach to multiple caregivers

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10
Q

What is a further behavioural disorder those with disinhibited attachment can show?

A

Attention seeking

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11
Q

What is cognitive impairment?

A

A delay in intellectual development

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12
Q

What would those with cognitive impairment suffer with?

A

Low IQ, poor concentration, learning new behaviours and concepts

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13
Q

Who did research into Romanian orphans attachment?

A

Rutter et al

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14
Q

What was Rutter’s aim?

A

To investigate whether loving and nurturing care could overturn the effects of institutionalisation

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15
Q

Rutters sample?

A

111 Romanian orphans who were adopted into British families

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16
Q

Rutters study type?

A

Longitudinal

17
Q

What 3 types of development were assessed in Rutters research?

A

Physical
Emotional
Cognitive

18
Q

What was the IV in Rutters research?

A

Age of adoption

19
Q

What was the DV in Rutters research?

A

Children’s development

20
Q

What were the three groups that Rutter studied?

A

Adopted before 6 months old
Adopted between 6 months and 2 years
Adopted after the age of 2

21
Q

Who were the orphans compared to?

A

British adopted children

22
Q

What % of the orphans showed signs of cognitive impairment and were undernourished?

23
Q

Who was found to have a higher level of disinhibited attachment?

A

Those adopted older than two years of age

24
Q

How were the orphans adopted before 6 months doing in comparison to the control group?

A

just as well

25
What was the IQ of those adopted before the age of 6 months?
Normal
26
What was the IQ of those adopted after the age of two years?
Low
27
Conclusion of Rutters research?
Some negative effects of institutionalisation can be overcome by sensitive care