Effects of imprisonment - Week 16 Flashcards
What was prison used for in the 16-17th century?
For people who were waiting for trial and punishment
Poor conditions
What was imprisonment used for in the 17th - 18th century?
Imprisonment was used to transport criminals out of Britain to be used for labour in colonies
retribution > Rehabilitation
Deterrence through violence and brutality
What did John Howard do?
Insisted on prison reforms
What reforms did john Howard ask for?
Paid staff
Outside inspections
improved diets
Separation of men and women
When and what was the prison act?
1989
Abolition of hard labour
Prison labour should be productive and not harmful to prisoner health
What changes to imprisonment happened in the 20th century?
They believed that young people should be kept in separate establishments
When was the first open prison opened?
1933
What did Alex Paterson- No discrimination say about open prisons?
“you cannot train a man for freedom under conditions of captivity”
what are the 2 basic principles of UN standard minimum rules?
- no discrimination
- Respect religions and beliefs
How many establishments where overcrowded? (2011)
85 (63% of the estate)
What is the average suicide rate in the UK?
About 2 per week
How does imprisonment affect suicide in the US?
4x as common as it is in the community homicide
How many homicides have there been in prisons since 2005?
16
What is the homicide rate comparatively in the US?
10x higher
How did Towl argue you could prevent suicide?
Guards should avoid negativity when dealing with suicidal inmates
Also try and enable staff to be able to identify and assist prisoners with suicidal feelings
