effects & measures

Question 1

Define primary effects

Answer 1

Immediate and direct effects

Question 2

Define secondary effects

Answer 2

Ground-shaking effects as a result of primary effects

Question 3

What are the primary effects of earthquakes?

Answer 3

Collapse of building/structures
Landslides
Collapse of dams
Damage to transport system
Breaking of power lines/gas pipes

Question 4

What are the secondary effects of earthquakes?

Answer 4

X
Further collapse of building structures
Floods
Disruption to delivery of emergency aid
Fires
+ agricultural loss, loss of vegetation over

Question 5

Social effects?

Answer 5

Emotional needs + disabilities

Question 6

Economic effects?

Answer 6

Economic expenses in reconstruction

Question 7

4 Preventive measures!

Answer 7

1. setting up and monitoring early warning systems
2. careful land use planning
3. earthquake-proof buildings and structures
4. education; regular drills

Question 8

3 P’s!

Answer 8

Predict (hazards)
Protect (structures)
Prepare (citizens)

Question 9

Define vulnerability

Answer 9

The extent to which a community, structure, service or geographical area is likely do be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a hazard/disaster

Question 10

2 Remedial measures!

Answer 10

1. well-trained, well-equipped rescue teams
2. temporary shelters, sufficient emergency and financial aid

Question 11

What are the 6 factors that might put MDCs apart from LDCs when dealing with tectonic hazards?

Answer 11

warning systems, land use planning, strength of building, education, relief planning, relief fund