Effects Institution

Question 1

Define institution

Answer 1

Children spending a long period of time living outside of the family home within an institution

Leading to loss of personal identity and impaired cognitive function

Question 2

Reactive attachment disorder

Answer 2

Lack of sensitive responsiveness

Unable to trust or love others

Become isolated and very selfish

Become a sociopath, without conscience can have lack of remorse

Question 3

Disinhibited attachment

Answer 3

Select attachment figure indiscriminately

Behave in an overly familiar fashion

Adapt to having multiple caregivers during the sensitive period for attachment formation

Attention seeking

Question 4

Cognitive impairment

Answer 4

Low iq

Problems with conetrarion

Difficulty learning new concepts and behaviours

Question 5

What was the aim of Rutter et el study

Answer 5

Investigate whether loving and nurturing care could overturn the effects of institutionalisation in Romanian orphanages

Question 6

What was the procedure of Rutter et els study ?

Answer 6

Longitudinal study

Physical emotional and cognitive development was assessed

At ages 4,6,11 and 15

Question 7

Sample

Answer 7

111 romanian orphans adopted into British families

Question 8

How did Rutter study the 3 groups

Answer 8

1) adopted before the age of 6 months

2) adopted between 6 months and 2 years

3) adopted after 2 years

Question 9

Who were they compared to ?

Answer 9

A control group of 52 British adopted children

Question 10

What was found about the 50 percent of Romanian children ?

Answer 10

Showed signs of cognitive impairment and severely undernourished

Question 11

What was found about the age up to 4 years ?

Answer 11

Good recoveries

Question 12

What was found about those who were adopted later ?

Answer 12

Higher levels of Disinhibited attachment

Question 13

Those who were age 11

Answer 13

Mean iq for those adopted later was lower (77) than earlier

Question 14

Those at the ages of 6 months ?

Answer 14

Had normal iq level at (102)

Question 15

Conclusion of effect on institutionalisation

Answer 15

Negative effects of institution can be overcome

If adoption takes place earlier

Question 16

Ao3 Romanian orphans studies : effects on institutionalisation

Answer 16

Practical applications

Because principles of the theory institutionalisation has lead to psychological problems

Eg children home now avoid having large number of caregivers and instead have one or two keyworkers

Who play a central role in child’s care

Thus institutionalisation is an important part of psychology

Question 17

Ao3 RTS was by zee nat et el 2005

Answer 17

Compared Romanian infants ages 12-13 months , assessed using a strange situation

Found 44 % of institutionalised children showed signs of Disinhibited attatchment compared to less than 20 % of control group

Supporting effects of institutionalisation as being in an institution can have negative effects on psychological development

Question 18

Ao3 RTS high control over extraneous variables

Answer 18

In previous orphans studies children had often experienced trauma neglect or abuse before being intutionalised

Was difficult to tell if any long term effects were due to neglect and abuse of institutional care

However in Rutters research majority of Romanian orphans had been handed over by loving parents

Meaning it was possible to study the effects of institutionalisation without these cofounding variables

Increasing internal validity of research into the effects of institutionalisation

Question 19

Ao3 weakness

Answer 19

However studying children from Romanian orphanages might have introduced diffrent cofounding variables

Quality of care in these institutions was extremely poor with children receiving very little intellectual stimulation or comfort

Meaning harmful effect seen in studies of Romanian orphans may be due to effects of poor institutional care