Cultrual Variations Van Ijzendoorn Flashcards
What was the aim ?
To investigate cross cultural variations
Sample ?
32 studies of the strange situation
8 countries
200 children
What was the most common attatchment type among 8 of the countries ?
Secure attachment
What was the most common attatchment type in western cultures ?
Insecure avoidant
What was the most common attatchment type among non western cultures ?
Insecure resistant
Conclusion
There are cultural variations in attachment and there also must be similarities
Ao3 weakeness culture bias
Although large number of studies for meta-analysis
Criticised for culture bias
As half of the studies were carried out in the US and only 5 in collectivist cultures
Difficult to generalise across all cultures
What was the percentage of greater variation within cultures that between cultures ?
150%
Which countries had the most/least secure ?
Most uk
Least Germany
Which countries had the most /least insecure avoidant ?
Most Germany
Least Japan
Which countries had the most /least insecure resistant ?
Most Palestine
Least uk
Ao3 strength high population validity
High population validity
As 32 strange situation studies using large sample of 2000 infants
Easier to generalise findings to rest if target population
increasing external validity in cultural variation in attachment types
Ao3 weakness criticised for imposed etic
Criticised for imposed etic
Based on American child rearing practices and ignores practices in other cultures
Eg lack of separation anxiety indicates an insecure attachment type
In Germany this may be seen as a positive light as independence rather than insecurity
Therefore strange situation may not be appropriate to measure attachment types across all cultures
