Eey Flashcards
Age-related changes
Eyes Child
- The lens is spherical at birth, growing flatter throughout life
- Soft plastic at birth to rigid glass in old age
- Reduced visual acuity is more likely among children who were born premature and among those with neurologic disorders
Age-related changes
Eyes Older age 9
- More refractive errors
- *-Cataracts**
- *-Glaucoma**
- *-Macular degeneration**
- Presbyopia (after age 40)
- The lens begins to thicken and yellow
- Pupil size decreases
- The lens loses elasticity
- Older than 65, need glaucoma screening every 1-2 years
- Impaired night vision
- Need 3X as much light to see
Cataract
- Clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye
- Clumping of proteins in the lens
- Blurry vision
age-related
Glaucoma
- Eye conditions that can cause blindness
- Increased intraocular pressure
- Diabetes can be a risk factor
- In people over age 40
Macular degeneration
Most common cause decreased visual
It is most present in Caucasians
- Common eye disorder among people over 50
- Loss of central vision field
- Blurred vision
Wet macular degeneration
- Chronic eye disorder that causes blurred vision or a blind spot
- Caused by abnormal blood vessels that leak fluid or blood into the macula
Snellen eye Chart
What does it mean by 20/20?
- *The top #**= distance the person is standing from the chart
- *The bottom #**=distance at which a normal eye could have read that particular line
What does it 20/30” means?
“You can read at 20 feet what the normal eye can see from 30 feet away”
Corneal light reflex testing
What is normal?
Abnormal condition? 3
Shine light toward the bridge of nose
Normal/straight/ same spot
Abnormal
Esotropia(convergent)
Exotropia(divergent)
Anisocoria(pupillary size different)
Diagnostic Positions Test
Failure means?
Failure to follow = indicates weakness of an EOM
Cover-uncover test
Asymmetry means?
Asymmetry = deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis
Droopy eyelids
- Abnormal drooping upper eyelid
- Damage to the nerves
- Weakness of the muscle
Hordeolum/stye
- A red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid
- Look like a boil or pimple
Exophthalmos
- Bulging or protruding eyeballs
- caused by thyroid eye disease
Pseudoptosis eye
Abnormal size of the eye such as the absence of eye development
The nurse is obtaining a focused review of a patient’s eye function.
What statement by the patient would require emergent medical attention?
“I see flashing lights and spots.”
Seeing spots or flashing lights could be a sign of retinal detachment, which is a medical emergency.
Scotomias?
Area of lost or depressed vision, surrounded by area of normal vision
Presbyopia?
- A gradual, age-related loss of the eyes’ ability
- Decrees function to focus actively on nearby objects
The functional reflex that allows the eyes to focus on near objects is termed?
Accommodation
A client frequently experiences dry, irritated eyes.
These findings are consistent with a problem in what part of the eye?
Lacrimal apparatus
Eyelid
- *Eyelid**
- The eyelid provides protection to the cornea
- Two movable structures composed of skin
- two types of muscle/striated and smooth
- *Upper eyelid**
- Contain the meibomian glands, secrete an oily
- *Lower eyelid**
- Depress the eyelid in downgaze
- Maintain the upright position of tarsal plate
Pupil and Iris
Pupil
- The hole located in the iris
- Changes size to allow different amounts of light into the inner eye
Iris
- The colorful structure of the eye
- Changes the shape of the pupil to allow for different amounts
Accommodation for eyes
Which test?
Visual functional reflex
The pt looks at for the near object and then near object and eyes converge and constrict
What needs to be examined for iris and pupil?
- Size and shape
- Pupillary light reflex
- Accommodation
What test is used to test near vision?
How are far should the card be from your face?
Pocket snellen chart or rosenbaum card
14 inches
If your pt cant read at 14 inches ?
presbyopia
If your pt cant see it up close ?
hyperopia
Hyperopia?
Difficulty with close work
What equipment do you use for assessing the ocular fundus?
Ophthalmoscope
Refractive error
Very common eye disorder
The eye cannot clearly focus the images from the outside world
The result of refractive errors is blurred vision
Age-related eye disorder
Age 3-5?
School age to young adult?
Ages 3 to 5?
Lazy eye
School-age to young adults?
refractive error
Myopia ?
Difficulty with distances
a) Strabismus ?
b) Diplopia ?
a) crossed eyes
b) double vision
What cranial nerve is visual acuity?
Cranial Nerve II
Nystagmus ?
What does sustained nystagmus indicate?
Fine, oscillating movements seen best at iris
Neurologic conditions
a) Pupillary reaction to light ?
b) Direct reaction ?
Pupillary constriction in same eye
a) Ask pt to look into distance, shine bright light obliquely into each pupil.
b) Pupillary constriction in same eye
a) This gland produces the main bulk of the tears?
b) keeps cornea moist (external eye part/protection)
a) lacrimal gland
b) Lacrimal apparatus
Subjective Data-Eye
Vision difficulty
Pain
Strabismus (eye misalignment)
Diplopia (double vision)
Redness
Swelling
Ptosis (droopy eyelids)
Visual acuity
What does 20/20 mean?
can stand at 20 feet and read what a person with normal vision can read at 20 feet.
__________ or light sensitivity is usually from excess light entering the eye, which may overexcite the photoreceptors in the retina
Photophobia
__________ is the change in shape of the lenses to bring near objects into focus
Accommodation
Retinal structures in a myopic eye look smaller than normal
True or False?
False
________ is when the patient is unable to see in half of the visual field and is generally in one side
Hemianopsia
Papilledema refers to swelling of the _____________ and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup
optic disc
When a person shifts gaze from a far object to a near one, the pupils dilate
True or false?
False
A few beats of nystagmus on extreme lateral gaze are normal
True or false?
True
__________ are densities in the lens/
Cataracts
