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Pharm II > EENT Pharm > Flashcards

EENT Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation and / or infection of the middle ear; most common in infant and children

A

Otitis media

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2
Q

Are most Otitis Media cases bacterial or viral infections?

A

40-75% acute cases are viral

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3
Q

What is the most common bacterial cause of Otitis media?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae (20% - 50% of bacterial cases are caused by this)

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4
Q

Bacterial Otitis media commonly follows what kind of infection?

A

Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

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5
Q

How can you visually determine whether an Otitis Media infection is bacterial or viral?

A

if pt is coughing with clear drainage = viral

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6
Q

What is the drug of choice for an acute bacterial Otitis Media infection?

A

Amoxicillin - ALONE

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7
Q

If a patient is diagnosed with bacterial acute Otitis Media and has had amoxicillin within the last 30 days or has a serious infection what do you prescribe?

A

amoxicillin + clavulanate

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8
Q

A patient diagnosed with bacterial Acute Otitis Media, failed to respond to amoxicillin + clavulanate , what do you prescribe them now?

A

a second or third generation cephalosporin

ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, etc.

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9
Q

A patient is diagnosed with bacterial Acute Otitis Media and has a penicillin allergy, what do you prescribe her?

A 
a macrolide such as azithromycin or clarithromycin
*z-pack - in class he said that these are pretty much almost not useful at this point because of increased resistance
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10
Q

A patient presents with an acute bacterial Otits Media infection, with trouble breathing, swelling of the tongue, hives and anaphylactic. What do you want to avoid in this patient?

A

cephalosporins because there is a 10% chance of cross reaction

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11
Q

inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by IgE sensitization

A

Allergic rhinitis

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12
Q

allergic rhinitis with acute symptoms

A

seasonal (hay fever) allergic rhinitis

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13
Q

allergic rhinitis that is intermittent or persistent usually with more chronic, subtle symptoms

A

Perennial allergic rhinitis

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. clear rhinorrhea
  2. sneezing
  3. nasal congestion
  4. post nasal drip
  5. allergic
  6. conjunctivitis
  7. itchy eyes
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15
Q

Which treatment for allergic rhinitis is more effective when taken prior to exposure but can blunt response after exposure?

A

Antihistimines

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16
Q

What is the difference in first and second generation antihistamines?

A

**H1 selective oral
first generation more lipophilic crosses the BBB and cause drowsiness
second generation doesnt

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17
Q

intranasal formulation - antihistamine used of allergic rhinitis

A

Azelastine

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18
Q

symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis?

A

Decongestants

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19
Q

What decongestants are of choice for systematically treating allergic rhinitis?

A

pseudo ephedrine or phenylephedrine

*pseudoephedrine in MS you HAVE to have a RX in order to get! NOT OTC like phenylephedrine

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20
Q

What is a decongestant given intranasally prescribed for allergic rhinitis?

A

Oxymetazoline

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21
Q

Patient education is important when prescribing Oxymetazoline intranasally?

A

Oxymetazoline is highly additive, patient should use the drug 3-5 days and then stay off of it.

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22
Q

What would you prescribe a patient with acute Otitis Media with associated inflammation?
*you wan to reduce the inflammation :)

A

intranasal corticosteroids

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23
Q

Beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticosone, triamcinolone are ________.

A

intranasal corticosteroids

24
Q

T/F Intranasal Corticosteroids will blunt response after exposure immediately.

A

FALSE!!!
usually will respond in 2-3 days but CAN take up to 2-3 weeks. So if you know every May your nose starts running.. get your prescription early!! :)

25
Q

Prophylactic treatment of Allergic rhinitis; mast cell stabilizer; less side effects than anithistimines

A

Cromolyn Sodium

26
Q

T/F Cromolyn Sodium is most effective if taken a month in advance.

A

true

**take before the season :)

27
Q

What two drugs are best for patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma?

A

Ipratropium & Leukotriene receptor antagonists

*NOT IMMEDIATE RESPONSES!!!

28
Q

Which treatment for allergic rhinitis is no more effective than second generation antihistamines and less effective than intranasal corticosteroids?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

***Montelukast

29
Q

ocular disorder that leads to optic neuropathy, increased intraocular pressure, loss of visual sensitivity and field

A

glaucoma

30
Q

type of glaucoma that is slowly progressive and asymptomatic, central vision acuity is maintained

A

open angle

31
Q

intermittent prodromal symptoms, can have acute episodes, usually due to physical blockade of the trabecular meshwork

A

closed angle

32
Q

goal of therapy for glaucoma -

A

decrease IOP to levels where no further damage occurs

33
Q

dominant tone of the eye

A

para

34
Q

iris radial is contracted by

A

alpha 1

35
Q

iris circular is contracted by

A

m3

36
Q

ciliary muscle is contracted by

A

m3

37
Q

what type to applicaton is used first in treatment of ocular HTN and open angle glaucoma

A

topical

38
Q

timolol, betaxolol and carteolol are in what class

A

beta blockers

39
Q

latanoprost, bimatoprost and travoprost are in what class

A

prostaglandin analogs

40
Q

carbachol and pilocarpine are in what class

A

cholinergic agonists

41
Q

dipivefrin are in what class

A

nonspecific adrenegic agonists

42
Q

apraclondine and brimonidine are in what class

A

alpha 2 agonist

43
Q

what classes limit production of aqueous humor

A

Alpha 2 agonists
beta blockers
CA inhibitors

ABC

44
Q

what classes promote drainage or increase absorption

A

Prostaglandin analogs
Cholinegic agonist
NS Adrenegic Agonist

45
Q

how much of the aqueous humor drains in the trabecular meshwork

A

85%

46
Q

treatment of closed angle

A

immediate IOP reduction

47
Q

hole in iris to facilitate posterior to anterior flow

A

iridectomy

48
Q

what drug therapy is used for an acute attack

A

mannitol and secretory inhibitor

osmotic agent

49
Q

inflammation and/or infection of the membrane lining of the eyelids

A

conjunctivitis

50
Q

what type of viral usually causes conjunctiviits

A

adeno

51
Q

clear watery drainage is characteristic of

A

viral conjunctivitis

52
Q

thick, yellow or greenish discharge is characteristic of

A

bacteria conjuctivits

53
Q

gram + that cause conjunctivits

A

staph and strep

54
Q

gram - that cause conjunctivitis

A

pseudo and haemoph…

55
Q

treatment for viral conjunctivitis

A

NONE

56
Q

treatment for bacteria conjunctivitis

A

aminoglyosides, fluoroquinolones or erythomycin

57
Q

treatment for allergic conjunctivitis

A

systemic and/or opthalmic H1 antagonists and opthalmic corticosteriods

Pharm II (13 decks)

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