Chapter 61 - Derm Drugs Flashcards
___ may be long enough to permit once-daily application of drugs with short systemic half lives
local half life
application of a plastic wrap to hold the drug and its vehicle in close contact with the skin
occlusion
__ is extremely effective in maximizing efficacy
occlusion
what are convenient for application to the scalp and hairy areas
tinctures, lotions, fels, foams, and aerosols
emulsified vanishing type creams may be used in ___ without causing maceration
intertriginous areas
__ provides homogeneous, stable preparations when mixtures of immiscible liquids such as oil-in-water creams are compounded
emulsifying agents
topical ___ agents may be useful in preventing infections in clean wounds, in the early treatment of infected dermatoses and wounds, in reducing colonization of the nares by staph, in axially deodorization and the management of acne vulgaris
antibacterials
in treatment of secondarily infected ___, which are usually colonized with strep, staph or both, combination therapy may prove superior to corticosteroid therapy
dermatitis
antibiotic-corticosteroid combinations may be useful in treating __, __ and __
diaper dermatitis, otitis externa, and impetiginized eczema
___ and ___ are peptide antibiotics, active against gram +, strep, pneumococci and staph
bacitracin and gramicidin
__ is poorly absorbed through the skin, so systemic toxicity is rare
bacitracin
topical use only, can be in combination with neomycin, polymyxin, bacitracin and nystatin
gramicidin
most gram + aerobic bacteria and MRSA are sensitive to __
mupirocin
effective treatment of impetigo caused by s. aureus and group A,b strep
mupirocin
peptide antibiotic that is effective against gram - , pseudomonas aeroginosa, e.coli, enterobacter and klebsiella
polymyxin B sulfate
hydroalcoholic vehicle and foam formulation may cause drying and irritation of the skin which complaints of burning and stinging in this antibiotc for acne
clindamycin
topical __ is effective in the treatment of rosacea
metronidazole
oral metronidazole has been shown to be a ___
carcinogen
application of ___ gel by benzoyl peroxide may result in a temporary yellow discoloration of the skin and hair
dapsone
chronic generalized mucocutaneous candidiasis is responsive to longterm therapy of ___
oral ketoconazole
the antifungal activity derives from selective inhibition of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme for the synthesis of ____
ergosterol
an essetinal component of fungal cell membranes
ergosterol
the powder or powder aerosol may be used chronically following initial treatment in patients susceptible to ___ infections
tinea
nystatin and ampB are useful in the topical therapy of ___ but ineffective against dermatophyes
C. albicans
most significant adverse effects of ___ include gynecomastia, elevation of hepatic enzymes and hepatitis
ketoconazole
adminstration of the oral azoles with midazolam, triazolam, or HMG-CoA inhibitors are ____
contraindicated
the severe side effects
reducing the particle size of the medication greatly___ absorption of the drug - griseofulvin - ultramicronized
increases
most effective in treating tinea infection of the scalp and nonhairy skin
griseofulvin
nonhairy skin is called
glabrous
__ is derived from a PCN mold so cross sensitivity with PCN may occur
griseofulvin
effective against oncyhomycosis if given oral
terbinafine
