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Kaplan > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

1
Q

Most concerning presentation of strabismus

A

unilateral esotrophia (medial deviated) as the normal eye becomes preferred and amblyopia occurs

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2
Q

Best initial test strabismus

A

-corneal light reflex

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3
Q

Best test to compare heterophoria vs heterotropoia (constant strabisumus

A

-cover test; cover eye and if no movement of non covered eye then no strabisumus

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4
Q

Best initial treatment strabismus

A

cover good eye

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5
Q

What is amblyopia

A

decrease in visual acuity 2/2 absence of good retinal image during visual develoopment

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6
Q

When should nasolacrimal duct obs resolve? What do if not?

A

1 year; nasal duct prob

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7
Q

What is hordeolum? Cause? Tx?

A
  • aka stye if it is external
  • staph aureus
  • meiobian glands is internal
  • warm compresses +/- topic abx
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8
Q

What is a chalazion? tx

A
  • granulomatous inflammation of meiobian gland
  • firm, nontender nodule in upper or lower led
  • surgery
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9
Q

Presentation and Tx neonatal gonorrhea conj

A
  • birth or first 5 days
  • send gram stain / culture, PCR
  • IM Ceftriaxone x 1
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10
Q

Presentation and tx neonatal chlamydia conj

A
  • presents after 5 days and can be within first month of life
  • erythermoycin PO x 2 weeks
  • sparing of bulbar conjunctiva
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11
Q

Findings Orbital Fracture

A
  • limitation of upward gaze
  • lower lid ecchymoses
  • epistaxia
  • decreased sensation of ipsi check and upper lip (disruption of infraorbital nerve)
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12
Q

What torch infection most assd with cataracts

A

rubella

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13
Q

Vascular Disease assd with child glaucoma

A

sturge weber

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14
Q

Most common cause glaucoma

A

congenital; less than 3 years old

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15
Q

Best test anterior uveitis

A

slit lamp

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16
Q

Anterior Uveitis Presentation

A

pain, lacrimation, photophia, decreased vision, conjunctival injection, floathers / flashes

17
Q

Most common cause anterior uveitis

A

-JRA, ulcerative colitis, post infectious arthritis, lyme, rheum

18
Q

Initial management papilledema

A

-head CT followed by LP

19
Q

What is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in childhood?

A

retinoblastoma (usually less than 2 years)

20
Q

Most common presentation retinoblastoma

A

-leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)

0strabismus

21
Q

first Step Dx retinoblastoma

A

CT or US

22
Q

Who do we screen for ROP?

A

begin screen 4 to 6 weeks in any infant born less than 32 weeks o less than 1500g

23
Q

What do you have to screen for with newborn with ear malofrmation

A
  • renal defect with US if other abnormalities

- hearing loss

24
Q

Tx otitis externa

A

-polymixin or ofloxacin or cipro otic

25
Q

Most common cause AOM

A

BACTERIAL 3/4 of time

-strep pneumo, non typebal Hflu, moraxella

26
Q

AOM tx if child is refusing PO

A

IM CTX with possible repeat 1 or two times in 2 to 3 day intervals

27
Q

When to consider tympanostomy tubes

A

3 to 4 AOM in 6 months or 5 to 6 in a year

28
Q

How to treat AOM with tympanostomy tubes in place

A

-with otorrhea clean canal and give ofloxacin or otic cipro; add oral antibiotics if does not imporve

29
Q

How to follow and tx OME

A
  • follow monthly and if present for at least 3 months then refer to audiology
  • tubes if bilateral effusion for more than 3 months or any hearing loss
30
Q

What syndrome is choanal atresia most assd with

A

CHARGE

31
Q

Key words choanal atresi

A

-cyanosis that resolves with crying

32
Q

Sinus development

A
  • ethmoids at birth
  • maxillaries 4 to 5 years old
  • frontal age 7 to 8 years old
33
Q

Most common cause delayed tooth development

A
  • hypothyroid
  • hypopit
  • familial
  • ectoderm dysplasia
  • chromo disorders and syndromes (treacher, pierre)
34
Q

Tx Tooth Avulsion

A

replace in first 20 seconds

00find tooth, rinse in tap water, insert into socket (if cant cold milk), go to tentist

35
Q

When to correct cleft lip and palate

A
  • lip: 3 months with reision at 4 to 5

- palate at less than 1 year to avoid speech issues

36
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

-symptoms strep plus the rash
-diffuse erythema with fine papules (sandpaper!); heavier brither in skin creases
–pastia lines: neck, inguinal area, antecubtal fossa
0rashes fades after 3 to 4 days then desquamates

37
Q

Subacute Cervical Adenitis Differential

A
  • 1 week
  • place PPD
  • if negative think cat scratch
38
Q

Causes cervical adenitis

A

acute usually GAS, mumps, EBV, entero, adeno, herpes

  • malignancy if painless enlargement etc etc
  • no malignant thinks mycobacteria, EBV, CMV, HIV, syphilis
39
Q

Scans for thyroglossal duct

A
  • US

- thyroid scan for ectopic tissue

Kaplan (8 decks)

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