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NE Exam 3 > EEG Waves > Flashcards

EEG Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What creates the EEG?

A

Summated action potentials of millions of neurons in the brain

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2
Q

General Features of EEG:

A
  • Low voltage (<200 mµV)
  • Frequency: <1 Hz –> >50 Hz
  • Differs over different parts of brain
  • Usually no distinct pattern
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3
Q

The EEG Changes with:

A
  • Degree of activity in the brain
  • Arousal/awareness
  • Sensory input (esp visual)
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4
Q

What are the 5 waves found in the EEG?

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
  • Theta
  • Delta
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5
Q

Characteristics of Alpha Waves

A
  • Frequency: 8-13 Hz (cycles/sec)
  • Amplitude: 50 µVolts (size of wave)
  • High frequency, low amplitude
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6
Q

When do Alpha Waves occur?

A
  • During quiet wakefulness (thinking) with eyes closed
  • Disappear during sleep
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7
Q

Area of the brain where
Alpha waves are most prevalent:

A

Occipital Cortex

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8
Q

Origin of Alpha Waves

A
  • Requires connection between thalamus and cortex
  • GABAergic neurons “force” coordination of neuronal activity
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9
Q

Alpha Wave Pathway

A

Thalamocortical Neurons –> Release EAA –> Activation of Intracortical (GABAergic) Neurons –> Release GABA –> inhibition

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10
Q

Characteristics of Beta Waves

A
  • Frequency: 14 - 80 (cycles/sec)
  • Amplitude: <50 µVolts
  • High frequency, low amplitude
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11
Q

When do Beta Waves occur?

A

During alert wakefulness with EYES OPEN

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12
Q

Alerting Response

A

(1) Sensory input (opening eyes)
(2) Transition from alpha to beta waves
(3) Beta waves persist as long as alert
(4) Transition to alpha waves when eyes close again

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13
Q

Areas of the brain where Beta Waves are most prevalent:

A

Frontal Cortex; also parietal cortex

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14
Q

Origin of Beta Waves

A
  • Requires connection between thalamus and cortex
  • Sensory input from eyes “disrupts” the oscillation of waves
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15
Q

Characteristics of Gamma Waves

A
  • Frequency: 30-80 Hz (frequently overlaps with range of Beta waves)
  • May require Hippocampus
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16
Q

When do Gamma Waves occur?

A
  • When individual is aroused or focused on something
  • Especially prominent when planning a motor response
17
Q

Characteristics of Theta Waves

A
  • Frequency: 4-7 Hz
  • Amplitude: 100 µVolts
  • Slower frequency, higher amplitude
18
Q

When do Theta Waves occur?

A
  • Normal in children, particularly over parietal and frontal cortex
  • May occur in adults when frustrated or disappointed; also occurs during sleep
19
Q

What brain structure is required/involved in production of Theta Waves?

A

Hippocampus

20
Q

Characteristics of Delta Waves

A
  • Frequency: <3.5 Hz
  • Amplitude: 100-200 µVolts
  • Slowest and largest
21
Q

When do Delta Waves occur?

A
  • During deep sleep in adults
  • Common in infants and can be seen while awake
  • Appear during “wakefulness” sign of serious organic brain disease
22
Q

Origin of Delta Waves

A
  • Does not require connection between thalamus and cortex – cortex is running on its own
  • Indicates that thalamus and cortex are no longer connected
23
Q

Increased mental/neural activity is associated with ____ activity on the EEG

A

Increased

24
Q

Mental activity leads to a ____ of activity, associated with ____ amplitudes and ____ frequency of the waves.

A
  • Desynchronization
  • Reduced
  • Higher
25
Q

In general, infants have ___ and ___ waves on EEG (___-like waves) especially over occipital regions, when they are awake.

A
  • Slower and bigger
  • Beta
26
Q

When does the adult alpha-wave pattern appear?

A

Adolescence

27
Q

Reduced metabolism leads to ____ neuronal activity.

A

Reduced

28
Q

What decreases the frequency of the alpha rhythm?

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Low body temperature (hypothermia)
  • Low adrenal glucocorticoids (low cortisol)
  • High levels of CO2 in the blood (CO2 acts as a narcotic)
29
Q

Non-REM Sleep

A
  • Timing: majority of sleep
  • Eye movements: slow, rolling motion
  • EEG: gradually slows and increases in amplitude (moves to Delta waves)
  • Dreams do occur during this time but they are generally rehashing events of the day
  • Initial phases of memory consolidation occur during this time
30
Q

REM Sleep

A
  • Rapid Eye Movement
  • Timing: approx every 90 mins, gets longer the later in the sleep period
  • Eye movements: rapid, left to right
  • EEG: low amplitude, high frequency (look most similar to the waves during wakefulness)
  • Associated with vivid dreams that you remember; continued consolidation, linking knowledge to previous experience

NE Exam 3 (9 decks)

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