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NE Exam 3 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic Pre-Ganglionic neurons leave the CNS via:

A
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Sacral Nerves
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2
Q

Location of Parasympathetic Ganglion:

A

Located at/near the target organ (contains ell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons)

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3
Q

Sympathetic Pre-Ganglionic neurons leave the CNS via the:

A
  • Thoracic Level
  • Lumbar Level
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4
Q

Location of Sympathetic Ganglion:

A

Located in sympathetic chain ganglion (paravertebral columns)

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5
Q

Sympathetic Chain

A

Collection of ganglia next to the vertebral column

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6
Q

Pathway of Sympathetic Fibers

A

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers leave spinal cord –> synapse on dendrites/cell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons –> axons of post-ganglionic neurons go to their target organ and synapse there

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7
Q

What NT is released from both Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Pre-Ganglionic Neurons?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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8
Q

Receptor on both Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Post-Ganglionic Neuron:

A

Nicotinic Receptor

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9
Q

The ____ has the specific connections to control the ANS and many __-___ cell bodies are located there.

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pre-Ganglionic
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10
Q

Location of Nicotinic Cholinergic Channels

A

Dendrites of the post-ganglionic neurons (in whatever ganglia) used by the system

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11
Q

Effect of Nicotinic Cholinergic Channels

A
  • Binding of ACh opens the channel on post-ganglionic neuron
  • Na+ enters the cell
  • Typical EPSP
  • Generation of APs on post-ganglionic neuron
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12
Q

The En-Passant Synapse

A
  • Found at the synapse between post-ganglionic axons in the ANS and the target organ
  • Contains swellings on post-ganglionic neuron; same machinery found in pre-synaptic terminal (ex. mitochondria, vesicles with NTs)
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13
Q

Parasympathetic Post-Ganglionic Axon Synapse on Target Tissue:

A
  • NT: ACh
  • Receptor on Target Tissue: Muscarinic
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14
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors

A
  • Increase IP3/DAG –> increase intracellular Ca2+ via Gq/11 activation
  • 3 types found in the CNS: M1R, M3R, M5R
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15
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor: M1R

A
  • Found in CNS
  • When activated in salivary glands, increase secretion
  • When activated in stomach, increase acid secretion
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16
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor: M3R

A
  • When activated on smooth muscle, contractions
  • When activated on exocrine glands (including sweat glands), increase secretion
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17
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor: M5R

A

Found in CNS, not ANS

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18
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A
  • Inhibit adenylyl cyclase –> decreases cAMP
  • Two types: M2R, M4R
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19
Q

Muscarinic Receptors: M2R

A

Found in cardiac conduction system: allows K+ efflux and slows conduction

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20
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gq/11 coupled
  • Lead to increased Ca2+ intracellularly
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21
Q

Location of Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Smooth muscle of blood vessels (contraction)
  • Smooth muscle of urinary and reproductive tracts
  • Liver (glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis)
  • Adipose tissue (lipolysis)
  • Lacrimal glands (reduced watery secretion)
  • Radial muscle of iris (contraction of muscle leads to dilation of pupil)
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22
Q

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gi/o couple
  • Lead to decreased adenylate cyclase/cAMP
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23
Q

Location of Alpha 2 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Majority are pre-synaptic and reduce NE release
  • GI sphincters (relaxation)
  • Pancrease (increased glucagon, decreased insulin)
  • Smooth muscle of blood vessels (dilation)
  • Platelets (increased clotting)
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24
Q

Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gs coupled
  • Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production
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25
Q

Location of Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Cardiac Tissue: SA Node = increased heart rate, Ventricular muscle = increased strength of contraction
  • Salivary glands (increased viscous secretion)
  • Adipose Tissue (increased lipolysis)
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26
Q

Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gs coupled
  • Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production
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27
Q

Location of Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Bronchiole smooth muscle (relaxation)
  • GI smooth muscle (relaxation)
  • Urinary/reproductive smooth muscle (relaxation)
  • Vascular smooth muscle (relaxation)
  • Liver (glycogenolysis)
  • Eye (relaxation of ciliary muscles which flattens lens and increases ability to see far away)
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28
Q

Beta 3 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gs coupled
  • Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production
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29
Q

Location of Beta 3 Receptors

A
  • White adipose tissue (lipolysis)
  • Brown adipose tissue (heat production)
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30
Q

Some sympathetic preganglionic axons pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing on post-ganglionic neurons and instead travel to the:

A

Adrenal Medulla

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31
Q

Chromaffin Cells

A
  • Located in adrenal medulla; preganglionic neurons synapse on these cells
  • Make and release Epi as part of the sympathetic response
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32
Q

What NT is released from the Adrenal Gland?

A

Epinephrine

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33
Q

What receptors does Epinephrine from the Adrenal Gland bind to?

A

Adrenergic receptors on target cells

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34
Q

HEART - Sympathetic Receptors
(1) SA Node/Heart Rate
(2) AV Node Conduction
(3) Strength of Contraction

A

(1) Beta 1 Receptors
(2) Beta 1 Receptors
(3) Beta 1 Receptors

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35
Q

SA Node/Heart Rate: Function of Beta1 Receptor

A

Increased HR

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36
Q

AV Node Conduction: Function of Beta1 Receptor

A

Increased conduction velocity

37
Q

Strength of Contraction: Function of Beta1 Receptor

A

Increased strength of contraction

38
Q

HEART - Parasympathetic Receptors
(1) SA Node/Heart Rate
(2) AV Node Conduction
(3) Strength of Contraction

A

(1) M2
(2) M2
(3) M3

39
Q

SA Node/Heart Rate: Function of M2 Receptor

A

Decreased HR

40
Q

AV Node Conduction: Function of M2 Receptor

A

Decreased conduction velocity (allows ventricles time to fill)

41
Q

Strength of Contraction: Function of M3 Receptor

A

*ONLY IN ATRIA
- Decreased contractile strenght

42
Q

No effect of ______ stimulation on the ventricles directly

A

Parasympathetic

43
Q

Vasculature of Skin & Gut: Sympathetic Receptor

A

Alpha1

44
Q

Vasculature of Skin & Gut: Function of Alpha1 Receptor

A

Increased contraction –> vasoconstriction –> decreased blood flow

45
Q

Vasculature of Skeletal Muscle: Sympathetic Receptors

A

Beta2 and Alpha1
- brain can selectively choose which receptor to activate; NE from adrenal medulla can selectively activate these too

46
Q

Vasculature of Skeletal Muscle: Functions of Beta2 and Alpha1 Receptors

A
  • Beta2 Receptor: decreased contraction –> vasodilation –> increased blood flow
  • Alpha1 Receptor: increased contraction –> vasoconstriction –> decreased blood flow
47
Q

____ system does not have any direct effect in arterial vasculature

A

Parasympathetic

48
Q

Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Sympathetic Receptor

A

Beta2

49
Q

Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Parasympathetic Receptor

A

M3

50
Q

Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Function of Beta2 Receptor

A

Relaxation –> Bronchodilate

51
Q

Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Function of M3 Receptor

A

Increased contraction –> Bronchoconstriction

52
Q

Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Sympathetic Receptors

A

Alpha1 and Beta2

53
Q

Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Functions of Alpha1 and Beta2 Receptors

A

Relaxation –> decreased motility

54
Q

Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Parasympathetic Receptor

A

M3

55
Q

Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Function of M3 Receptor

A

Increased contraction –> increased motility

56
Q

Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Sympathetic Receptors

A

Alpha1 and Alpha2

57
Q

Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Function of Alpha1 and Alpha2 Receptors

A

Increased constriction –> decreased passage

58
Q

Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Parasympathetic Receptor

A

M Receptor

59
Q

Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Function of M Receptor

A

Relaxation –> increased passage

60
Q

GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Sympathetic Receptor

A

Beta1

61
Q

GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Function of Beta1 Receptor

A

Decreased H2O secretion with increased enzyme secretion (= dry mouth)

62
Q

GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Parasympathetic Receptor

A

M1

63
Q

GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Function of M1 Receptor

A

Increased H20 Secretion

64
Q

Is there sympathetic stimulation of gastric acid secretion and pancreatic secretion?

A

NO – Parasympathetic only

65
Q

GI Tract Gastric Acid Secretion - Parasympathetic
(1) Receptors
(2) Function of Receptors

A

(1) M1, M3
(2) Increased secretion of acids (requires gastrin and histamine)

66
Q

GI Tract Pancreatic Secretion - Parasympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) M3
(2) Increased secretion

67
Q

Bladder Detrusor Muscle Wall - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Beta2
(2) Increased relaxation –> reduced need to urinate

68
Q

Bladder Detrusor Muscle Wall - Parasympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) M3
(2) Increased contraction –> urination

69
Q

Bladder Sphincter - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Alpha1
(2) Increased contraction –> decreased probability of urinating

70
Q

Bladder Sphincter - Parasympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) M
(2) Relaxation –> allows urination

71
Q

Male Genitalia - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Alpha2
(2) Ejaculation

72
Q

Male Genitalia - Parasympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) M
(2) Erection

73
Q

What muscle of the Eye (iris) doesn’t have sympathetics?

A

Circular Muscle

74
Q

What muscle of the Eye (iris) doesn’t have parasympathetics?

A

Radial Muscles

75
Q

Eye Radial Muscle (Iris) - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Alpha1
(2) Increased contraction –> dilate pupil

76
Q

Eye Ciliary Muscle (Lens) - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Beta2
(2) Relaxation –> Lens thinner (decreases bend of light rays which allows you to see further away)

77
Q

Eye Ciliary Muscle (Lens) - Parasympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) M
(2) Increased contraction –> Lens rounder (increases bend of light rays which allows you to see close up)

78
Q

Skin has ___ but not ___

A
  • Sympathetics
  • Parasympathetics
79
Q

Skin Sweat Glands (Thermoregulatory) - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) M3
(2) Increased sweating

80
Q

Skin Sweat Glands (Stress) - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Alpha
(2) Localized increase in secretion; has a stronger odor b/c is more potent

81
Q

Skin Piloerector Muscles - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Alpha1
(2) Contraction (goose bumps)

82
Q

Lacrimal Glands only have ___

A

Parasympathetics

83
Q

Lacrimal Glands - Parasympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) M
(2) Increased secretion

84
Q

Liver only has ___

A

Sympathetics

85
Q

Liver - Sympathetic
(1) Receptors
(2) Function of Receptors

A

(1) Alpha1 and Beta2
(2) Increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis –> increased glucose released into blood

86
Q

Adipose Tissue only has ___

A

Sympathetics

87
Q

Adipose Tissue - Sympathetic
(1) Receptors
(2) Function of Receptors

A

(1) Beta1 and Beta3
(2) Increased lipolysis –> increased FFA in blood

88
Q

Kidney only has ___

A

Sympathetics

89
Q

Kidney - Sympathetic
(1) Receptor
(2) Function of Receptor

A

(1) Beta1
(2) Control of blood flow within kidney

NE Exam 3 (9 decks)

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