Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HELENP EE Ecology > EE Lecture 18: The Climates of a Rotating Earth > Flashcards

EE Lecture 18: The Climates of a Rotating Earth Flashcards

1
Q

what is Q10

A

the factor by which a reaction changes over a 10degreesC range
Q10 ~~2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what effects the distribution of biomes

A

climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what have major impacts on ecological processes, causing droughts, floods and swings in marine productivity

A

oceanic currents

global air circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do global air circulation and oceanic currents cause

A

drought, floods and swings in marine productivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what causes swings in marine productivity

A

global air circulations

oceanic currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do ocean movements determine

A

upwelling and marine productivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what determines upwelling and marine productivity

A

ocean movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the main aspects of climate

A

latitude
maritime or continental influence
altitude
aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is latitude important

A

due to radiation and seasonality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how to calculate intensity

A

the total radiation per unit area

it is inversely proportional to the cosine of latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is inversely proportional to the cosine of latitude

A

intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does latitude do

A

initiates the fundamental circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is atmospheric circulation

A

the large scale movement of air and the means (along with ocean circulation) by which thermal energy is distributed on the Earths surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is thermal energy distributed on the earths surface

A

through atmospheric circulation and smaller oceanic currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the four major pressure belts on the earth

A
  1. equatorial low pressure: DOLDRUMS belt - receiving direct sunrays so air here is warm 5n/s
  2. subtropical high pressure, 30-35N/s - cools as rises and spreads outwards towards poles: HORSE LATITUDES:STRONG WINDS
    3.subpolar LOW pressure belt 60-65N/S created mainly due to rotation of earth which swings the bulk of air TOWARD equator - stormy areas
  3. polar HIGH pressure - in polar regions
    created because air V COLD+HEAVY leads to high pressure

pressure belts caused mainly due to temp of Es surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why arent the pressure belts of the earth continuous

A

because earths surface is made of land&water which get heated in different ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are four major pressure belts on earth

A

equator
horselatitudes
pole
frontal systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what occurs in equator pressure belt

A

doldrums belt
equatorial low rpessure - warm air due to direct sunrays
5degrees N/S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what occurs in horse latitudes

A

subtropical high pressure 30-35degN/S
STRONG WINDS
air cools as rises and spreads towards poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

wht occurs in frontal systems

A

subpolar LOW pressure belt 60-65deg N/S created mainly due to earth rotation which swings bulk of air TOWARD equator - stormy areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what occurs in polar systems

A

polar HIGH pressure due to v cold & heavy air - high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why are different pressure belts created

A

due to temp Earths surfqace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why arent the pressure belts of the earth continuous

A

because earths surface made of land an water which get heated in different ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how can belt movement be shifted

A

by sun - causes precipitation belts to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are wind systems

A

movements of air caused by the uneven heating of eath by sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how is wind deflected in N hemisphere

A

towards right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how is wind deflected in S hemisphere

A

towards LEFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are Coriolis effects

A

air flows dont move in straight path because of spinning of earth deflecting it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where are coriolis’ effects absent

A

at equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how can wind be measured

A

anenometer

wind vane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

name pressure belt which is 5degN/S equator

A

equatorial pressure belt:Doldrums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is pressure of air like @ equator/doldrums

A

low pressure - v warm air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

name pressure belt 30-35degN/S equator

A

Horse Latitudes - strong winds

high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is pressure of air like @ horse latitudes

A

v strong wind therefore high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

name pressure belt at 60-65N/S

A

frontal system
low pressure
stormy area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is pressure of air like @ frontal system

A

low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is pressure of air like @ polar regions

A

high pressure because air v cold and heavy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

how is northward flowing air from equator travelling

A

fast air over slower ground so deflects east

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how is southward flowing air towards equator travelling

A

slower air flowing on faster ground so deflects west

40
Q

what produces seasons

A

the elliptical orbit of the earth around the und

41
Q

name some long term cycles

A

orbital Milankovitch - climate cycles
Earths acis tilt cycle
Sun spot cycles

42
Q

what are Milankovitch cycles -period?

A

orbital cycles

95k yr

43
Q

name an orbital cycle

A

Milankovitch cycle - period 95k yr

generate long term climate cycles like glacial and pluvial interglacial periods

44
Q

what do Milankovitch cycles generate

A

long term climate cycles like glacial and pluvial interglacial periods

45
Q

what is the cycle of the Earths acis tilt

A

currently 23.5 deg

vary between 22 and 24.5 with a periodicity of 41000 yrs

46
Q

what is the current axis tilt of earth

how does it vary

A

23.5 deg

vary between 22 and 24.5 with a periodicity of 41000 yrs

47
Q

what is periodicity of Earths axis tilt

A

95000 yrs

48
Q

what are sun spot cycle periods

A

11 yrs

49
Q

what is the Dry adiabatic lapse rate

A

cooling of temp at 10deg per km as air expands as it rises

50
Q

what is the cooling temp of air by 10 degrees also known as

A

Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate

51
Q

what is the Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate

A

water condensing as air cools, gaining some heat of condensation at 6deg per km

52
Q

what is the rate at which water condensing as air cools gains heat of condensation of 6deg per km

A

Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate

53
Q

compare sea level on caribbean to pacific side of Panama

A

sea level is 0.5km higher on Caribbean than on pacific side of panama

54
Q

what does the build up of water cause

A

watdr flow

55
Q

what causes oceanic currents

A

Coriolis forces which deflect the water into characteristic patterns

56
Q

what pushes masses of sea water up against continents

A

prevailing winds

57
Q

what are El Nino currents aka

A

christmas currents

58
Q

what do normal currents follow

A

trade winds
dry in peru
wet in SE America

59
Q

what does El Nino do

A

reverses normal trade winds currents, from peru to SE America TO S America back to peru

60
Q

what does El Nino cause

A

dry S America

wet peru

61
Q

how does El Nino affect fisheries

A

nutrient poor warm water from SE America to Peru impacts fisheries in Peru badly

62
Q

why are oceans heat sinks

A

because of high latent heat of water - can act as radiators as they absorb and release relatively large quantities of heat to the atmosphere without undergoing larg temp changes

63
Q

how can continents act as winter coolerw

A

in winter - cold arctic temps extend southward over Asia and N America
snow cover increases albedo - reflect solar radioation
high pressure over continental interior cause cold air to flow toward ocean

64
Q

where do cold arctic temps extend to in winter

A

over Asia and N America

65
Q

what effect does snow cover have on albedo

A

it increases albedo

66
Q

what does high pressure over the continental interior cause

A

cold air to flow towards the oceans - acting as winter coolers

67
Q

give an example of where microclimate exists

A

At high latitudes, opposite sides of a valley have very different climates
At a smaller scale, the opposite faces of a hoof-print experience vastly different microclimates

68
Q

how does the effect of aspect change with latitude

A

the effect of aspect increases with latitude

69
Q

what are the ecological consequences of climate

A

rainfall temp wind and ice exposure, snow cover

70
Q

what patterns does temperature have

A

Latitudinal
Altitudinal
Diurnal
Seasonal

71
Q

outline the annual patterns of temperature

A

equatorial temps vary least

  • continental temp vary most
  • maritime influence moderates temp fluctuation
72
Q

where abouts in world does temp vary least

A

at equator

73
Q

where do temps vary most

A

continental temps vary most

74
Q

what moderates temp fluctuation

A

maritime influence

75
Q

write eqt linking temp and productivity

A

Y = 3000 / [1 + e^(1.315-0.119x)]

76
Q

what does this show Y = 3000 / [1 + e^(1.315-0.119x)]

A

temp and productivity relationship
y = NPP
x = mean annual temp

77
Q

what are rainfall patterns associated with

A

latitude
topography
season

78
Q

discuss rainfall and latitiude relationship

A 
RAINFALL AND LATITUDE:
high @ equator
v low @ poles
low in horse latitudes
moderate at 50deg
79
Q

where is rainfall highest

A

@ equator

80
Q

where is rainfall lowest

A

@ poles

81
Q

where is rainfall low (not lowest)

A

@ horse latitudes

82
Q

discuss relationship between rainfall and altitude

A

rainshadow in the lee of mountain chains - there is a condensation level on side of mountain

83
Q

discuss relationship betweeen rainfall and season

A 
some places have strongly seasonal rainfall eg. Cameroun has 2 wet seasons
Other places (eg. Britain) have more or less aseasonal rainfall
84
Q

name a place with strongly seasonal rainfall

A

Cameroun - has 2 wet seasons

85
Q

how many wet seasons does Cameroun have

A

2 wet seasons

86
Q

name somewhere with aseasonal rainfall

A

Britain

87
Q

write eqtn linking rainfall and productivity

A

Y = 3000*[1- e^(-0.000664x)]

88
Q

Y = 3000*[1- e^(-0.000664x)] what is this eqn

A

rainfall and productivity relationship
y=NPP
x=precipitation

89
Q

discuss pattern of rainfall in Britain

A

extreme east to west gradient
prevailing SW winds
mountains concentrated on W
some parts SE MEditerranean regimes of rainfall

90
Q

what is rainfall gradient in Britain

A

extreme east to west gradient

91
Q

what winds are present in Britain

A

prevailing SW winds

92
Q

where are mountains mostly concentrated in Britain

A

on W

93
Q

what is Rosenzweig’s Rule

A

log NPP is linearly related to the log of actual evapotranspiraion

94
Q

what is Whittaker’s Biome-type Classification scheme

A

based classification of biomes on precipitation and temp

classification of global biomes

95
Q

define biome

A

a grp of terrestrial ecosystems on a given continent that are similar in vegetation, structure and physiognomy

HELENP EE Ecology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions