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Edward 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what problems did Edward face when ascending the throne?

A

country was divided on religious grounds
crown finances ruined by expensive wars
rise in inflation
crown security had been comprimised by selling of monastic lands to raise quick money

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2
Q

what had H8 set up to govern England during E6’s minority?

A

Regency Council

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3
Q

hwo many members were in the regency council?

A

16 - assisted by another 12

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4
Q

who was the duke of somerset?

A

Edwards regent/Lord Protector

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5
Q

how did somerset reinforce his power?

A

by controlling the Privy Chamber

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6
Q

what were common widespread fears about when Somerset was controlling the Privy Council?

A

the breakdown of law and order

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7
Q

what did Thomas Seymour do?

A

tried to turn Edward against Somerset and tried to plot with the Earl of Southampton against Somerset

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8
Q

how did Somerset handle rebellions in 1549?

A

badly - misgivings about him had been growing and his arrogant and dictorial manner created enemies

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9
Q

who was a significant enemy of Somerset?

A

Earl of Warwick - Somerset feebleness response to the rebellions of 1549 gave him the opportunity to strike

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10
Q

who decided to try secure princess Mary’s support to get Somersets reign of control over in 1549?

A

Warwick, Southampton, Earl of Arundel and Lord St John

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11
Q

where was Somerset arrested and by who?

A

Windsor
Regency Council

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12
Q

why did Somerset surrender?

A

because he was promised no charges against him but he was promptly committed to the tower

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13
Q

what did the Earl of Warwick become?

A

Duke of Northumberland - Edwards regent/Lord Protector

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14
Q

who was Warwicks second coup directed at?

A

conservatives

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15
Q

how did Northumberland operate an effective government?

A

through the Privy Council

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16
Q

what did Paget draw up for northumberland?

A

a set of guidelines to help run an effective Privy Council

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17
Q

who was Northumberlands key administrator?

A

William Cecil

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18
Q

What did Somerset attempt under Northumberlands govern?

A

to recover his old position but was eventually outwitted by Northumberland

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19
Q

how did Northumberland react to Somerset’s coup?

A

he started to become less consiliar in his approach to government - started behaving how Somerset did before he was removed

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20
Q

who did Northumberland remove from the Council in attempt to become less conciliar?

A

Paget and sent him to the tower

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21
Q

why did Edwards rapid decline in health create a problem for Northumberland?

A

because mary was next in line and she would bring back Catholicism but Northumberland was enthusiastically Protestant so this would ruin him

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22
Q

What is Devyse?

A

excluded Mary and Elizabeth from the succession making them illegitimate, making the next monarch Lady Jane Grey (Nerthumberland’s daughter-in-law)

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23
Q

when did Edward die?

A

6 July 1553

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24
Q

what made Devyse patently illegal?

A

there was no parliamentary sanction

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25
how long did it take for Northumberland to proclaim Lady Jane Grey queen?
3 days
26
what was Somersets main foreign policy priority?
Scotland
27
what was Somersets strategy for Scotland?
defeat them build and garrison a number of forts in the borders and south of scotland force scots into submission
28
when did Somerset defeat the Scots?
at the battle of pinkie in september 1547
29
why were the forts difficult to build?
expensive to garrison English couldn't capture the strategically significant castles at Dunbar and Edinburgh
30
what did Somerset underestimate regarding foreign policy?
amount of cooperation between Scotland and France and failed to block the Firth of Fourth properly which enabled the French to relieve Edinburgh
31
what consequences did Somerset face from his foreign policy?
it was unaffordable failed to secure marriage between queen mary and edward deteriorating relationship with France led in 1549 to the threat of war and the prospect of a French invasion of southern England
32
how did Northumberland secure the Crowns finances?
reduced foreign policy by ending wars with scotland and france
33
what was a drain on resources regarding foreign policy?
the occupation of boulogne
34
how much did the french pay to recover boulogne?
£133,333
35
when was the book of common prayer released?
1549
36
why did Archbishop Cranmer make the book of common prayer?
to avoid religious tension
37
what did the book of common prayer do?
establish single form services translated services to English
38
what was the social impact of the religious changes?
sustained attack on the religious experience of ordinary people enabled a renewed plundering of the church's resources
39
when were the religious injunctions?
1547
40
what did the religious injunctions do?
reflected radical attitudes in government attacked catholic practices
41
when was the Chantries Act?
1547
42
what was the chantries act?
dissolution of chantries and guilds
43
why did Somerset introduce the chantries act?
crown needed money to pay for foreign policy
44
what is iconoclasm?
breaking of religious images or monuments
45
what did iconoclasm lead to?
many people couldnt practice their religion and couldnt connect to their dead relatives because of the chantries act alongside iconoclasm
46
what did northumberland want to do with the church?
wished to coninue protestant reforms wanted to plunder its wealth
47
what changed in the book of common prayer in 1552?
more aggressively protestant
48
what was one change in the 1552 book of common prayer, its reason and its significance?
restriction on use of church music church music hindered religious understanding simpler apprioach to music reflected the emphasis on greater simplicity in church services
49
what is Zwinglianism?
refers to the religious ideas of protestant reformer Ulrich Zwingli
50
why did church goods decline in 1540?
it was a reaction to destructive attitudes of the crown
51
how many northern wills left money to the church?
70%
52
what place experienced a decline in church attendence?
Exeter
53
what hampered the pace of reform in 1550?
uncooperative public opinion
54
what did parishes do to avoid attack on church plate from the Crown?
hiding or selling their treasures
55
what problems from H8's reign grew worse under Somerset?
reduction in real wages inflation rapidly increasing
55
what economic factors brought discontent during Somerset's rule?
inflationary pressures agrarian issues - enclosure, harvest failure taxation
56
what disastrous policy did Somerset continue?
debasement of the coinage
57
what did the debasement of the coinage raise?
£537,000
58
what were the issues the debasement of the coinage brought?
inflationary pressures added to social distress
59
what problems did enclosure cause?
most of the country's social and economic ones
59
when was there a poor harvest during Somerset's rule?
1548
60
what did Somerset agree to set up to deal with enclosure?
commission to investigate the problem and issued a proclamation against enclosure
61
what did the commissioners appointed to deal with enclosure do?
little raised expectations of the poor annoyed landowners
62
why was taxation raised?
to pay for scottish war - financed by land sales and borrowing
63
what was the profit from enclosure gained by?
converting land from arable to pasture in order to graze large flocks of sheep
64
what would the sheep provide for the economy?
wool and cloth for export market
65
what did somerset intoduce a tax on and why?
sheep to deter enclosure
66
what was the main effect of the sheep tax?
created huge financial pressure on small farmers in upland areas who had little choice but to rely on sheep for subsistence
67
what did northumberland achieve economically?
a measure of stability in the crowns finances ensured reduction in crown expenditure succumbed to one round of debasement then dropped it
68
how did northumberland achieve economic stability?
by increasing revenue from the church by unscrupulous methods - including the melting down of church plate for bullion stopping wars with scotland and france
69
where were the major rebellions?
East Anglia South-west
70
what were the main reasons for rebellion?
some parts of the country, religious reasons in midlands and east anglia agrarian and social grievances were most important - council receiving numerous reports of riots and of uprooting of enclosures resentment of taxation
71
why did Somerset's government find it difficult to deal with the rebellions?
because thin resources outstretched with substantial numbers of troops engaged
72
why did most rebellions die out quickly?
insufficient support or through prompt action from the local nobility and gentry
73
where was the the western rebellion?
devon and cronwall
74
when was the the western rebellion?
jun-august 1549
75
what was the main grievance of the western rebellion?
religious
76
what is the western rebellion also known as?
'the prayer book rebellion'
77
what did the rebels in the western rebellion want to do and why?
wanted to reverse the religious reforms which were destroying the way in which people had experienced religion traditional rituals and much of the church's wider role in the community had gone
78
alongside religious grievances, what also provoked the western rebellion?
distrust between the rural labourers landowners grievances over taxation
79
when did the western rebellion start?
june 10 1549
80
what happened in the western rebellion?
29 june, Lord Russell was sent to find peaceful settlement 2 july - 6 july, rebes besieged exeter 8 july, Russell's last attempt to find settlement failed 12 july, lord grey was sent to help russell but was diverted to unrest in oxford 28 july, russell began defeating groups of rebels in devon 17 august, rebels defeated
81
what are the consequences of the western rebellion?
marital law was used to deal with the rebels - indicates how dangerous it was somerset's position was weakened
82
when was the kett's rebellion?
1549
83
where was the kett's rebellion?
east anglia
84
what were the causes of the kett's rebellion?
hatred of local government officals resentment of the abuse by landowners of the Norfolk foldcourse system the release of pent-up frustrations about the maladministration locally of the howards
85
what happened in the kett rebellion?
10 july, kett led a march of yeomen and farmers to norwich 21 july, full pardon offered to rebels 22 july, rebels took norwich. set up camp on mousehold heath somerset wrote letters to the rebels to deal with their grievances 30 july, the marquis of northampton arrived with a small army and retook norwich, negotiations with kett failed 23 august, earl of warwick arrived with 12,000 men 27 august, kett's rebellion was put down
86
how many rebels were killed?
3,000
87
what were the consequences of the kett rebellion?
kett hanged in November most rebels dealt with leniently made somerset seem weak
88
who did Somerset appoint to deal with the Western rebellion?
Lord Russell
89
throughout edwards reign, what 2 reforming traditions were at contest?
evangelical humanism associated with those who identified with the teachings of Erasmus more radical forms of protestantism
90
what influence did moderate humanism have?
Archibishop Cranmer was influenced 1547 injunctions requiered each parish church to acquire a copy of the Paraphrases of Erasmus humanist Sir John Cheke tutored Edward
91
what approach to intellectual development was used under Northumberland?
more miliant and less comprehensive
92
what influence was northumberland under?
john hooper
93
when did northumberladn more to a more radical reform to intellectual development?
1552-1553

Tudors (5 decks)

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