educational policy and inequality Flashcards
(42 cards)
before the industrial revolution in the late 18th and 19th century, what was the education system like
education = only available to minorities of upper classes or provided by churches + charities for the poor
what increased the need for an educated workforce and when did the sate begin to become more involved in education, what changes were made
industrialisation from late 19th century. education made compulsory for ages from 5 to 13 in 1880
what did the type of education received depend on
it depended on social class. schooling did little to change pupils ascribed status
what act brought in the tripartite system and in what year???
1944 Education Act bought in tripartite system
what is the tripartite system and what does it encourage
allocated students to their abilities + aptitude. encourage meritocracy
11+ exam - grammar schools - offered an academic curriculum + access to non manual jobs + higher education MC
secondary modern schools non - academic practical curriculum + access to manual work for pupils who failed the 11+ WC
technical schools -
rather than promoting meritocracy how did the tripartite system reproduce inequality
channelling the two social classes into 2 different types of school that offered unequal opportunities
girls required more marks to pass the 11+
how did the tripartite system justify inequality
through the ideology that the ability is inborn.
argued that ability could be measured early on in life (11). however some children environment affects chance of success
more time for intelligent development
when was the comprehensive system introduced to the UK
from 1965 onwards
how did the comprehensive system make the education system overcome the class divide at the tripartite system
11 + was abolished with grammar + secondary schools to be replaced by comprehensive schools where all people from same area could attend
what do functionalists see the comprehensive system as
comprehensive system promotes social integration by bringing different classes to school.
how is the functionalist view of the comprehensive system not really true, what sociologist claims this
Ford - found little social mixing in social class because of streaming
why do functionalists see the comprehensive system as more meritocratic compared to the tripartite system
it gives students a longer time to develop and show true abilities whereas the tripartite system asks for that at 11
how do Marxists view the comprehensive system as not being meritocratic
they produce a continuation of inequality through streaming + labelling from generation to generations
WC pupils are denied of equal opportunity
how did marketisation create a education market
reducing the state control of education
increasing competition between schools by parentocracy
what policy has marketisation as a central theme
1988 Education reform Act
from 1997, and 2010 how was marketisation carried on through society
New Labour Tony Blair followed similar policies emphasising standards, choice + diversity
2010 - conservative - liberal democrat took marketisation further by creating academies + free schools
what policies promote marketisation
-publication of league tables + Ofsted inspection are observable
- business sponsorship of schools
- open enrolment - allowing successful schools to recruit more pupils
- specialist schools - specialising in IT, languages….
- allowing free schools to be built
introduction of tuition fees for higher education
who coined the term parentocracy
David
how does marketisation reform act reproduce inequalities according to these sociologists
Ball + Whitty
marketisation policies e.g league tables produce inequalities between schools themselves
what do league tables encourage according to this sociologist
Bartlett
cream - skimming. good schools can choose to be selective to high achievers
silt - shifting - good schools avoid those who may be damaging to the schools reputation + league table position
what is the funding formula
schools gain money based on how many students are recruited
how does the funding formula cause inequalities between schools
popular schools get more funds so they can afford better qualified teachers + facilities they can afford to be selective (MC)
unpopular schools loose demand + income reproduces a low subscription as low investment on equipment + staff
public policy research (2012)
competition - oriented education systems e.g Britains produce segregation between children of different social backgrounds
how does parents economic and cultural capital cause inequality according to this sociologist
gerwitz study of 14 London secondary schools
differences in parents economic + cultural capital lead to differences in how they choose
privileged - skilled choosers - professional MC parents use economic + cultural capital to convert it into educational capital. know how school admissions work e.g putting schools as first choice + research
disconnected local choosers - WC choices restricted by lack of economic + cultural capital. difficult to understand admission process
distance + cost are restrictions in choice of school
semi - skilled choosers - WC unlike disconnected chooser, they are ambitious for their children but they lacked the capital to make it make sense
