demography

Question 1

what is the birth rate defined as

Answer 1

number of live births per 1,000 population per year

Question 2

patterns of births overtime in history

Answer 2

long term decline since 1900s

since 1900s birth rate of 28.7 by 2014 it had fallen to 12.2

Question 3

fluctuations in birth rate

Answer 3

3 baby booms in 20t century first two after world wars, third baby boom in 1960’s which fell sharply after 1970’s

Question 4

fertility rate

Answer 4

childbearing age 15 - 44 average number of children women will have during fertile years

Question 5

trends of fertility rates in the past years

Answer 5

much lower than past 1.63 children per women in 2001 which rose to 1.83 children. peak in 1964 of 2.95 during baby boom

Question 6

what do changes in fertility rates reflect

Answer 6

• more women remaining childless
• more women postponing having children, average age is now 30 because of increase in womens positions

Question 7

reasons for the decline in birth rate

Answer 7

• legal equality
• increased educational opportunity
• changes in attitudes
• easier access to divorce
• access to abortion + reliable contraception
• more women in employment

Question 8

according to this sociologist what is the biggest reason for long term fall in birth

Answer 8

Haprer - education of women has allowed qualifications and therefore professional jobs, resulting in fewer children
many are choosing to delay childbearing. one in 5 was childless double the number of 25

Question 9

led to