Education: Topic 3 - Ethnic Differences in Education Flashcards

Key terms and Sociologists from Education: Topic 3 - Ethnic Differences in Education

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1
Q

Define ethnic group

A

people who share a common history, customs and identity as well as, in most cases, language and religion. They see themselves as a distinct unit.

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2
Q

Who defined Ethic group

A

Lawson and Garrod

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3
Q

Who said that language spoken by low income black American families is seen as inadequate for educational success

A

Bertier and Englemann

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4
Q

Who said that Indian Pupils do well despite oftern having English as a second language

A

Gillborn and Mirza

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5
Q

Why are attitudes and values seen as a major cause of Black children failing

A

They lack moticatvion and are not socialised into a mainstream culture of ambition and competitiveness, instead falling into Sugarmans theory of Present Time Orientation

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6
Q

Who said black families are headed by a lone mother

A

Moynihan

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7
Q

Who said that Black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and resistant to racism that leads to low self-esteem and underachievement

A

Pryce

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8
Q

What does Sewell say about Fathers, Gangs and Culture

A

A lack of tough love and lack of father figure means that black boys turn to gangs for a fatherly figure.

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9
Q

What does Gillborn say about Peer Pressure

A

It is not Peer Presure that leads to failure of young black boys, it is institutional racism

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10
Q

Who discussed the Asian Work Ethic

A

Sewell

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11
Q

What did Lupton find about authority in Asian households

A

Adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model used in schools. This meant parents were more likely to support the school’s behaviour policies.

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12
Q

Who is more likely to go to uni, EM or White British

A

Ethnic Minorities - according to McCulloch

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13
Q

Who said that Ethnic Minorites saw education as a “way up” socially

A

Lupton

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14
Q

Who found that White Working class street culture is brutal and can be replicated in school to cause disruption

A

Evans

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15
Q

What is Multicultural Educatio

A

Recognizes and values minority cultures and includes them in the curriculum

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16
Q

What is Anti-Racist Education

A

Education that challenges prejudice and discrimination

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17
Q

Who found that cultural Deprivation theories ignore positives of being an EM, E.g. Black Caribbean girls have strong roll models to look up to

A

Driver

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18
Q

Who said that black pupils don’t underachieve because of low self-esteem, but racism and teacher labelling

A

Lawrence

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19
Q

Who said EM are not culturally deprived - just culturally different

A

Keddie

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20
Q

Who found that EM students were likely to be working class

A

Palmer

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21
Q

PALMER - What amount of EM children live in low income houseing

A

Around 50% (as a pose to 1/4 or around 25% of white children)

22
Q

Almost half of Bangladeshi and Pankistani workers earn under how much an hour - PALMER

A

£7

23
Q

How much more likely are EMs to be homeless - PALMER

A

x3

24
Q

How much more likely are EMs to be unemployed compared to white people - PALMER

A

x2

25
Q

Name 5 reasons why EMs might be more likely to be materially deprived

A
  • Many live in economically depressed areas, with high unemployment and low wages
  • Cultural factors can prevent women from going out to work (e.g. the tradition of Niqab in Muslim households)
  • A lack of language skills or foreign qualifications which UK employers don’t recognise.
  • Asylum seekers may not be allowed to work
  • Racial discrimination in labour market and housing market
26
Q

Who found that the impacts of income outweighed the impacts of ethnicity.

A

Madood

27
Q

Who did a study that found white people were more likely to hear back from jobs

A

Wood et al. study sent out 1000 applications with different “ethnic” and “non-ethic” names and found that 1/16 EM applications heard back vs 1/9 White applicants

28
Q

What did Gillborn and Mirza find about Black childrens achievement from primary school till GCSE

A

Coming into primary school they had the best achievement, however, by GCSE they had the worst results of any ethic group

29
Q

Who found that teachers were quicker to discipline black students

A

Gillborn and Youdell

30
Q

Where where black students likely to be streamed

A

In the educational triage they are likely to be labled and put into the hopeless cases and seen as underachevers

31
Q

What did Wright find about Asian pupils language

A

That the teacher assumed that they would have a poor grasp of English, so left them out of class discussions

32
Q

Who is seen as disruptive in education and who is seen as a problem to ignore

A

Black students seen as disruptive
Asian students seen as problems to ignore

33
Q

What are Archers 3 pupil Identites

A

Ideal, Pathologised, Demonised

34
Q

Why are Chinese students seen as achieving in the wrong way

A

They achieve through hard work, not natural ability

35
Q

Who did Fuller study and what did he find

A

Year 11 black girls, found they rejected their label and succeeded despite teacher racism

36
Q

What did Mac an Ghaill find about A level students

A

Asian and Black students did not always accept negative labelling and racism and sometimes succeeded despite it

37
Q

What are Sewells 4 responses to school for boys

A

Rebel - be naughty and act out, join an anti school subculture
Retreat - shy away and disconnect from school and subcultures
Conform - Go with the flow and accept the goals of school
Innovate - Pro-education, but anti-school. They find their own ways to succeed and dont care about teachers approval

38
Q

Which of Sewells 4 responses did teachers assume black boys fell into

A

Retreatist

39
Q

Who described institutional racism and individual racism and what did they say

A

Troyna and Williams
Individual racism: results from prejudiced views of individual teachers
Institutional racism: discrimination that is built into the way institutions work

40
Q

What is Critical Race Theory

A

The idea that racism is an ingrained part of society. Racism is “lokced in inequality”

41
Q

Why does marketisation allow for EM students to be disadvantaged

A

Gillborn said that it allows for negative sterotypes to influence schools admissions,
Moore and Davenport said that selection can lead to segrigation as EM students are less likely to get into top schools

42
Q

What is an Ethocentric Curriculum, with 2 examples

A

A curriculum that reflects the culture of one ethic group -usually the dominant one.

E.g. Language; David - only teach European language
History; Ball - “Little Englandism” Ignores the history of Asian and Black students

43
Q

Why would the ethnocentric curriculum lead to underachievement

A

As it leads to low self-esteem amoung black students

44
Q

Accoridng to Gillborn, what happens when Black students out perform white students

A

The assessment is “re-engineered” to allow for black falier as long as white students succeed

45
Q

Gifted and Talented Programme

A

Gillborn (2008) whites are over twice as likely as Black Caribbean’s, and five times more likely than Black Africans, to be identified as gifted and talented.

46
Q

Exam Tiers

A

Tikley et al (2006) The “Aiming High” initiative was introduced to raise black Caribbean achievement, despite this blacks were more likely to be entered for lower tier GCSE exams (often because they were in lower sets).

47
Q

What is New IQism

A

Where teachers make false assumptions about students natural “ability” or “potential” that they believe is fixed to put students in the right set. It disadvantages EM students

48
Q

Who are Model Minorities

A

Students who succeed despite their setbacks due to being EMS.

E.g. Asian students succeed as the system is meritocratic, This justifies the failure of other groups, as they fail as they cant be bothered to work hard, and it ignores that these model minorities still suffer racism

49
Q

What is intersectionality

A

Looking at Ethnicity in context with Gender and Class

50
Q

How did Connolly find that black boys and asian boys were seen differently during primary school

A

Black boys are disruptive underachievers and are more punished, Asian boys are seen as more “feminine” adn need protection from bullying