EDUCATION - marketisation educational policy Flashcards
What is marketisation?
this is the process of introducing market forces of consumer choice and competition between suppliers into areas run by the state e.g., education.
this is the process of removing state control.
pre-1988, students were allocated to schools by LEAs.
1988 ERA - how did this encourage marketisation
the education system was criticised heavily for the lack of high standards, lack of parental choice, and the lack of successful and qualified school leavers who were needed by employers so Britain could compete economically.
Maggie T, who was PM at the time.
What do Chubb and Moe believe about marketisation?
they support this because they think education should NOT be run by local authorities and should rather be run like a business.
power shifts away from the producers, moves to the consumers, and this encourages diversity among schools and gives parents more choice.
this raises standards because competition increases.
ERA 1988 changes
PARENTOCRACY - Miriam David
rule of parents!
publication of league tables and OFSTED reports mean that each school can be ranked according to its exam performance and so parents have more choice over the schools they choose.
policies that promote parentocracy = business sponsorship of schools, free schools, and academies (less LEA control, more central govt control)
parents = consumers.
ERA 1988 changes
1) LEAGUE-TABLES
these contain data on the performance of individual schools in an area, mainly looking at their exam results - supporters argue this gives parents the info they need to best exercise their parental choice so they help drive up standards as schools have to compete with each other for pupils.
ERA 1988 changes
2) FUNDING FORMULA
popular schools? they get more funds and can afford better quality and qualified everything.
their popularity means they can be more selective and this attracts M.C and ambitious applicants.
unpopular schools lose their income and find it much harder to match the teacher’s skills and facilities of their successful rivals.
ERA 1998 changes
3) OFSTED
regulatory body established in 1992 by Major’s govt to replace the Her Majesty’s Inspectors (because they were concerned about scale and potential bias of inspections)
common inspection framework was created and thousands of inspectors were hired and the first inspection took place in 1993 - OFSTED now inspect all state-funded schools every four years.
ERA 1998 changes
4) OPEN ENROLMENT
parents are allowed to select multiple schools their child can be sent to but they are only given one first choice - some schools become oversubscribed and so they were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria which meant that higher achieving schools could carry out selection on their pupil intake.
