EDUCATION - globalisation Flashcards
What is globalisation?
globalisation is the operational planning of economic and foreign policy on a global basis. it is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. this affects the formation of education policy and has impacted it in two ways:
privatisation + marketisation.
In what two ways does globalization impact education policy?
Economic efficiency
Raising standards
Who does globalisation impact negatively?
- educators who need to prepare students within the working environment
- pupils whose mental health is declining because of such preparation
impact - Economic efficiency
What are Hancock’s estimations for education exports?
in 2014, Hancock estimated that education exports (where education is the service) from Britain by independent schools, 6th form colleges and universities etc. to countries like Brazil, China and India, were, in 2012, worth £18 billion.
impact - International comparisons
PISA - what is it?
Programme for International Student Assessment
these involve the conduction of tests in maths, science, and reading of samples between 325,000 and 600,000 9-15 year olds.
they are drawn from 50-65 countries every 3-5 years.
the data this produces is then ranked in the form of league tables to show the performance of each country.
this has influenced the educational policy of many countries because it involves the reevaluation of current existing policies.
impact - International comparisons
How many countries are taking part in PISA 2022?
85 countries are taking part in PISA 2022.
impact - International comparisons
What were we like in 2018? PISA
17th in maths, 14th in reading and science.
impact - International comparisons
limitations: Alexandra 2012
points out the moral panic it causes… PISA panic over British education has become more prominent. policies have been introduced by politicians and school improvement experts believe topping the league tables pursue.
impact - International comparisons
limitations: Kelly
PISA tests are based on a small conception of education e.g., literacy, numeracy and science.
Kelly believes that globalisation has led to the perspective that education is primarily an economic activity that is concerned with preparing people for work and meeting the economic needs of a country.
impact - International comparisons
what happened in 2012 because of PISA? Finland?
raising the academic entry requirements needed for trainee teachers from 2012, which was derived from comparisons with Finland which has been the world dominator in terms of successful assessments and approach to education
perspectives on glob
what is a Post Fordist economy?
this is one in which the dominant production processes, strategies etc. within the economy are characterised by high levels of product innovation, process variability and labour responsibility.
in the 1920s, Ford set up production lines on a mass scale.
W.C would only get one kind of job… this would be a production worker… the same skill being used again and again.
W.C people would KNOW what job they were going to do and be treated in a similar way to that job in school… they would have the job for life and would never need to change or update their skills.
perspectives on glob
does the Post Fordist economy still apply now?
how does education link to this - what is the new-fordist perspective?
*link to austerity + education funding crisis
consumers now want more personalised, customised, specialised, and high-quality products.
trends change at a fast pace and so workers’ skills also need to change at the same pace… this is known as flexible specialisation.
education, therefore, needs to offer a range of information and skills that reflect the changes that globalisation has had on industry.
diversity, and vocational education will benefit globalisation. PISA however, indicates that our curriculum is slimming and not representing the nets of our industry.
new-fordists believe that globalisation has increased competition in the job market which means governments should increase education spending - adult education, further education, and skills spending on young people has been hardest hit by austeirty since 2010 with spending on classroom based adult education/apprenticeships being down by more than a third since 2009-2010.
they argue there must be a greater focus on skills and competences to be able to compete globally.
perspectives on glob
Postmodernists: Usher and Edwards
more in depth in the theory section but anyways…
we should be suspicious of the ideas that human potential can be achieved through education
we should be suspicious that education can produce shared values and social solidarity
we should be suspicious that education produces equality of opportunity
education should teach many things and accept many versions of truth.
perspectives on glob
which functionalist argues that we need a growth of specialist skills?
Durkheim believes that an advanced industrial economy needs a massive and complex division of labour… at school, individuals learn the wide range of skills needed for this to take place.
perspectives on glob
why do N.R and functionalists like vocational education?
they believe that vocational education teaches subjects that prepare pupils for work and so education should be aimed at guiding economic growth: new vocationalism.
