education glossary page 2 Flashcards
expectations?
what one would expect to happen given the data available
fee-paying, public (in UK), independent or private school?
all of these terms refer to schools which charge a fee, and are outside of state control
feminism?
belief in equal rights, opportunities and laws for males and females
feminist?
someone who believes in feminism
formal curriculum?
school subjects taught
formal education?
education towards exams taught in school
free school?
non-selective, funded by the government but not run by the local authority. can be set up by parents, charities, faith communities, etc
functionalism?
sociological view (from Durkheim, Parsons, Davis & Moore) which emphasises consensus, meritocracy, social cohesion, importance of structures like family and education to achieve this.
functionally important roles?
roles that are seen as most important for the functioning of society. Meritocracy will ensure the most able get these roles, according to Functionalists.
further education?
any study after secondary education that’s not part of higher education (that is, not part of a degree).
gender?
social, psychological, cultural and behavioural (not physical) aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity.
gender roles?
socially constructed roles that specific genders are expected to do, eg. expressive conjugal role for women according to Functionalists.
gendered curriculum?
a school curriculum that favours one gender, eg. by unfairly emphasising that boys do STEM subjects or sports.
glass ceiling?
the phenomenon that women legally do not face limits to promotion at work, but in practice they do.
hidden curriculm?
the norms and values apart from subject knowledge that are taught in school, eg. attitude, manners, speech.
higher education?
degree-level education
home tuition?
private teaching done in student’s home.
image?
impression that a person, organization, or product presents to the public.
immigrant?
someone who travels into a country to live permanently.
inclusion?
giving equal access and opportunities and getting rid of discrimination and intolerance.
income?
money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments
informal education?
learning of facts, or norms or values, that happens outside school.
institutional racism?
policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization that result in and support a continued advantage or disadvantage based on ethnicity/race: the Macpherson Report (1999) used this term to describe the Met Police after the Stephen Lawrence murder.
intelligent quotient (IQ)?
a measure of ability to solve problems and reason.
interactionalism?
sociology view that emphasises interactions between individuals as forming the character of the person, and of society; Becker’s labelling theory is an Interactionist theory.
interest group?
group that advocates for a particular business or political cause, trying to influence policy-makers and public opinion.
labelling?
phenomenon described by Interactionist Howard Becker: a label attached to a person might become their master status and if so creates a self-fulfilling prophecy. Also relevant to Ball’s research.
league tables in education?
part of the government’s marketisation of education in the 1980s and 1990s: they show the exam performance of schools.
life chances?
Weber’s idea: opportunities for success/wealth/personal fulfilment are seen to be similar for people in a similar socio-economic class.
lifestyle?
way in which a person lives.
lone-parent family?
another way to say single-parent family, where a child is brought up by one parent.
marketisation of education?
introduced in the 1980s and 1990s to bring ideas of the marketplace into education: competition, league tables, National Curriculum, Ofsted, opportunities for free schools and academies.
marxism?
conflict theory of Marx and his followers that says society is structured to benefit the owners of the means of production (the bourgeoisie) against the workers (proletariat). Bowles & Gintis, and Willis, are Marxist education theorists.
mass media?
media available to a wide range of people.
