Education and Social Policy Flashcards
In 1880 what happened in regards to education?
Education was made compulsory between 5 to 13 year old’s. They were taught basic numeracy and literacy skills.
What was the 1944 education act?
The tripartite system. This was based on ability after sitting an exam called the 11 plus. Students were either sent to: a grammar school, a secondary modern school, a technical school. This was done at the end of the war as the government realised they needed more educated workers due to the loss of men and the aim was too create greater equality of opportunity.
What education act happened in 1965?
The labour goverment introduced comprehensive schools. Local authority’s could decide whether they wanted to abolish grammar and secondary modern schools or not so all students in a local area could attend. There are still 164 grammar schools in the UK today.
What was the time period when the conservatives where in power when the education act happened?
1979 - 1997
What are the 3Cs?
Consumers, Choice, Competition
Whats the free market?
The New Right idea that state run services are unefficent. They argue that companies such as education should compete for business, thus providing them with the incentive to improve the product/service they provide.
What’s Marketisation?
The process of bringing market forces into education to increase the competition and raise the standards for consumers?
What policy’s were in the 1988 education act?
National Curriculum, SATS (attainment targets for students which are published,) Exam league and Ofsted inspections are published (exam results, school reports absence rates allowing parents to chose which is the best school for their child,) formula funding (the more students the more funding,) and open enrolment
What’s parentocracy?
Power shifts from the teachers and schools into the hands of the parents which encourages diversity, choice and standards to improve.
What are examples of schools being run like a business?
Adverts, open days, events such as plays being open to the public, highschools visiting primary schools, having entry requirements.
What did Gerwirtz come up with?
She studied the effects of educational reforms that had been introduced by the conservatives. She found 3 categorys of choosers.
Privileged or skilled choosers: They had the skills to find the best school such as studying league tables for their children could move to better catchment areas and even pay for private schools.
Semi Skilled choosers: Mainly working class parents who were ambitious for their children but lacked the social networking or practical means to get their children into the best school.
Disconnected or local choosers: Their access to transport played a big part in their descion with most children being sent to the closest school. Importance placed on child’s choice rather than academic reputation
What did Ball say about education?
Parentocracy is a myth
What did Barelett and Le Grand come up with?
Cream Skimming and Silft Shifting. It can be said that by setting an entrance criteria such as church attendance schools are the ones with the choice mot the consumer
What’s cream skimming?
When the most successful schools cherry pick the most able students from the wealthiest backgrounds. This obviously increases the schools success and becomes a cycle.
What was the new Labour government’s aims towards education? (1997-2010)
The Third Way. It combined elements of the social democratic approach with a New Right markisastion approach.
What’s silt shifting?
When schools off load less able students with learning disabilities as they are expensive to educated and get poorer results.
What are 4 new labour policies that demonstrate a more social democratic approach?
Aim higher, EMA, Educational Action Zones, Student loans
What are 2 labour policies that demonstrate the 3Cs?
Specialist schools. Academies
What’s aim higher?
An umbrella term to describe initiatives aimed at widening participation in UK Higher education particularly from non traditional backgrounds. New Labour policy. The government aimed that 50% of students in the UK should have a degree.
What are specialist schools?
A new labour policy. Secondary schools can apply to be specialist schools in one or two of 10 specialisms. They provide more diversity and parental choice.
What is EMA?
A new labour policy. Educational maintenance allowance paid to students 16-19 from lower income families. Funding is given to those who meet targets and attend every lesson.
What are educational action zones?
New Labour policy. Zones were set too raise the attainment of students from low income intercity areas. An action forum containing people like governors and family ran the zone.
What are Academies?
New labour policy. Schools which receive their funding directly from the government instead of from councils. This extra freedom arguably allows schools to raise their standards.
How did New labour change student loans?
They made it so students had to fund their university costs. This was because university’s were no longer able to afford the increased numbers of students. This made it so students were now able to keep coming and university’s did not need to be more selective.
