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Sociology > Education > Flashcards

Education Flashcards

1
Q

name and describe the two functions of education

A
  • social- secondary socialisation, teaches manners/ to submit to authority, how to make friends
  • economic- teaches skills for work, sorts people into appropriate jobs, provides childcare for working parents
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2
Q

what are Durkheim’s views on education?

A

functionalism
* education passes on norms/ values to children
* creating social order through consensus

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3
Q

what is Parsons’ view on education?

A

functionalism
* it is the bridge between the family and wider society
* education is meritocratic because it teaches children the value of achievement

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4
Q

how does education serve/ support capitalism?

A
  • prepares you for exploitation in the workplace
  • justifies inequality (prioritising/ serving bourgeoisie)
  • passes on ruling class ideas
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5
Q

what is Bowles & Gintis’ theory on education?

A

marxism
* correspondance theory
* norms and values learnt in school are needed for work
* school has boring repetitive lessons that are rewarded by high grades
* work has boring repetitive shifts that are rewarded by wages
* education teaches to accept a hierarchy and to work for rewards

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6
Q

who made the correspondance theory?

A

bowles & gintis

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7
Q

who believed education is meritocratic?

A

parsons

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8
Q

who believed education was the bridge between the family and wider society?

A

parsons

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9
Q

who believed that education passes on norms/ values through secondary socialisation?

A

durkheim

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10
Q

who believed education creates social order through consensus?

A

durkheim

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11
Q

how does education reinforce the patriarchy?

A
  • hidden curriculum
  • gender stereotyping by subject choice
  • shows men in positions of power (majority male headmasters and female teachers)
  • girls outperforming boys even though studies show teachers pay more attention to male students
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12
Q

criticisms of the functionalist perspective on education

A
  • overlooks how gender/ class/ ethnicity affect advancement in society
  • do we live in a meritocracy?
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13
Q

criticism of the marxist perspective on education

A

ignores how some working class people succeed

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14
Q

criticism of the feminist perspective on education

A

white liberal feminism ignores how gender intersects with class and ethnicity

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15
Q

characteristics of a comprehensive school

A
  • state/ government/ tax funded
  • educates all children
  • access to the same levels
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16
Q

characteristics of academies (schools)

A
  • tax funded
  • most secondary schools
  • they control their spending and curriculum
  • educate everyone
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17
Q

characteristics of free schools

A
  • tax funded
  • very few
  • can be set up by anyone e.g. parents, businesses
  • control over spending/ curriculum
  • started in 2010
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18
Q

why should private schools be allowed?

A
  • parents can choose how to spend their own money
  • better facilities
  • academic culture
  • smaller classes
  • better opportunities
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19
Q

why shouldn’t private schools be allowed?

A
  • increase social inequality
  • social divide
  • takes away motivation for the government to invest in state education
  • most schools don’t follow the national curriculum anyway
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20
Q

what is de-schooling?

A

the idea that schools should be abolished and replaced with an informal education system

21
Q

name important education policies in order and when they were made

A
  • forster act 1870
  • butler act 1944
  • comprehensive movement 1965
  • sex discrimination act 1975
  • education reform act 1988
  • new labour 1997-2010
  • conservatives 2010- present
22
Q

what is the forster act?

A
  • created elementary schools (free), replacing voluntary church schools
  • compulsory attendance for ages 5-10
23
Q

what is the butler act?

A
  • created tripartite system
  • consisted of grammar schools, secondary technical schools (vocational), secondary modern schools
  • 11+ exams to get into grammar school
24
Q

what is the comprehensive movement?

A
  • switched tripartite system to comprehensive schools
  • introducing catchment area
  • mixed ability
  • more academic children sat exams
25
Q

what is the sex discrimination act in education?

A
  • girls and boys allowed to study the same subjects
  • this impacted school admissions
26
Q

what is the education reform act?

A
  • introduced marketisation of education- ofsted, league tables, parentocracy
  • introduced national curriculum and GCSEs
27
Q

what is the new labour act in education?

A
  • labour party attempt to reduce inequality
  • education maintenance allowance- poorer students paid £30/ week to do A-levels
  • free childcare for pre-schoolers
  • tuition fees for uni
28
Q

what is the conservative act in education?

A
  • increased marketisation
  • scrapped EMA
  • tuition fees increases
  • free school meals
  • grading system changed
29
Q

what external factors effect achievement in education?

A
  • gender/ socialisation
  • material deprivation
  • parental attitudes
  • language
  • job market/ current economy
  • education policy
30
Q

what internal factors effect achievement?

A
  • school ethos
  • hidden curriculum
  • setting/ streaming
  • labelling theory/ self-fulfilling prophecy
  • subcultures
31
Q

what were skelton’s ideas on education?

A

feminism/ focus on gender- boys prefer science subjects because they are seen as more difficult/ higher status than “softer” subjects chosen by girls

32
Q

who though that boys prefer science subjects because they are seen as more difficult than “softer” subjects chosen by girls?

A

skelton

33
Q

what were murphy & elwood’s views about education?

A

feminism/ focus on gender
* early socialisation impacts subject choice
* boys read hobby books/ informative texts
* girls read stories about people
* so boys prefer science
* and girls prefer english and social sciences

34
Q

who thought that early socialisation impacts subject choice?

A

murphy & elwood

35
Q

what was mitsos & browne’s view about education?

A

feminism/ focus on gender
* teaching is now feminised- studets are more looked after/ cared for
* boys may feel excluded in female dominated environment but studies show this is rare

36
Q

who thought that teaching has been feminised?

A

mitsos & browne

37
Q

what were willis’ views on education?

A

marxism
* working class “lads” create anti-school subcultures
* this sets themselves up for manual jobs
* more focussed on “having a laff” than doing well

38
Q

who thought that working class “lads” create anti-school subcultures?

A

willis

39
Q

how have patterns of gender and achievement changed over time?

A
  • before the 1920s, boys did better in school
  • but now there are more jobs for women, new laws and more female role models
40
Q

what subcultures do girls have according to mcrobbie?

A

they chat in their bedrooms with friends which develops communication skills

41
Q

what were halsey, heath and ridge’s view on education?

A

marxism/ focus on class
* that other external factors influence educational success because of class inequality
* parental encouragement
* grammar schools are in middle class areas (affecting catchment area)
* wether families can afford uniform and school trips

42
Q

who suggested alternative external factors that could affect educational achievement because of class inequalities?

A

heath, halsey and ridge

43
Q

what was bernstein’s view on education?

A

marxism/ focus on class
* working class children lack language skills to succeed
* elaborated code- used by middle class (complex sentences, larger vocab, correct grammar)
* restricted code- used by working class (simple sentences, limited vocab, grammar/ mistakes)

44
Q

who thought that working class kids lack language skills to succeed in education?

A

bernstein

45
Q

what was ball’s view on education?

A

marxism
* mixed ability classes teach towards the middle
* working class gravitated to lower bands
* makes them anti-school
* they get fewer qualifications
* tbh is reproduces class inequality

46
Q

who thought that mixed ability classes taught towards middle ability causing working class to become anti-school?

A

ball

47
Q

what ethnicities are highest achieving in education?

A

chinese and indian asian

48
Q

what ethnicities are lowest achieving in education?

A

white students on free school meals, black caribbean, bangladeshi, pakistani

49
Q

what is an ethnocentric curriculum?

A

type of educational curriculum that is based on the cultural values and perspectives of a particular ethnic or cultural group
* focus on the history, culture, and achievements of the dominant group, often to the exclusion or marginalisation of other groups

Sociology (5 decks)

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