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Large animal GI > Edmundson Final Material (BVDV, Johne's, Parasites) > Flashcards

Edmundson Final Material (BVDV, Johne's, Parasites) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two BIOTYPES of BVDV?

A

Cytopathic
Non-cytopathic

*how it behaves in cell culture

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2
Q

The 3 manifestations of disease seen with BVDV

A

Acute infections
Persistent Infections
Mucosal Disease

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3
Q

Describe how a PI animal is made

A

infected with a NCP strain prior to 125d gestation

BEFORE animal is immunocompetent

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4
Q

Most acute infections with BVDV show what clinical sign(s)

A

mild fever, leukopenia

SUBCLINICAL

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5
Q

Severe acute infections with BVDV have been mostly associated with which genotype of the virus?

A

Type 2 (BVDV-2)

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6
Q

With mucosal disease, which biotype is causing the lesions?

A

CP strain

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7
Q

How does BVDV lead to diarrhea?

A

Causes blunting of intestinal crypts

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8
Q

BVDV is maintained in which cells?

A

mononuclear phagocytic cells (WBCs)

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9
Q

For which 3 diagnostic tests can Ab interference be a problem?

A

Virus isolation
ACE (ELISA)–if you use serum
RT-PCR

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10
Q

The gold standard (most reliable) method for detection of BVDV

A

Virus isolation & culture

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11
Q

Concerning the use of skin samples for ELISA and IHC, which test requires the samples to be fixed in formalin?

A

IHC

DO NOT formalin fix tissues for ELISA

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12
Q

If screening samples from a whole herd, which diagnostic test would be the best choice?

A

RT-PCR

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13
Q

What does each of the following detect:

1) ELISA
2) Serology

A

1) Antigen

2) antibody

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14
Q

Which diagnostic test is best for diagnosis of PI animals

A

IHC (skin sample in formalin)

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15
Q

Causative agent of Johne’s disease

A

Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP)

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16
Q

Primary route of transmission for Johne’s? Primary source?

A

Fecal-oral

Infected animals are primary source (dam–>offspring)

*Infected as CALVES

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17
Q

What causes the visible thickening of the intestine that occurs with Johne’s?

A

infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes

18
Q

For which segment of intestine does MAP have a predilection?

A

Ileum

19
Q

T/F: Johne’s diarrhea is usually severe & very watery but lacks blood and mucus

A

TRUE!!

also no tenesmus

20
Q

What are the 4 stages of infection with Johne’s?

A

Stage 1–silent infection
Stage 2–unapparent carrier
Stage 3–clinical disease
Stage 4–advanced clinical disease

21
Q

At which stage do animals begin producing detectable antibodies against MAP?

A

Stage 3–clinical disease

22
Q

Major consequence of infection with Johne’s?

A

Protein losing enteropathy

leads to bottle jaw!

23
Q

Why is the sensitivity of most diagnostic tests so low?

A

Humoral response to the organism is delayed

24
Q

Which stages are undetectable by Fecal and tissue culture?

A

Stage 1 & 2 (not useful for screening)

25
Q

Which diagnostic test is most widely used for johne’s and why?

A

ELISA–useful for screening herds, inexpensive, fast

26
Q

Which type of cattle are at highest risk for intestinal parasites?

A

Calves during first grazing season

27
Q

Which parasite of the HOTC complex has become the most prevalent internal parasite in US cattle operations?

A

Cooperia spp.

28
Q

Small ruminants are most severely impacted by which parasite?

A

Haemonchus contortus

29
Q

Define type 1 and type 2 ostertagiasis & when they occur in the south

A

Type 1–when the ingested larva invade gastric glands (Spring)

Type 2–when hypobiotic larvae emerge from gastric glands (Fall)

30
Q

Age associated with:

1) type 1 ostertagiasis
2) Type 2 ostertagiasis

A

1) young animals (overstocking)

2) older (1-2yr)

31
Q

When do you want to treat for Ostertagia?

A

When chances of re-exposure are low (i.e. summer in the south)

32
Q

Which part of the GI tract does Cooperia parasitize?

A

small intestine

do NOT feed on blood

33
Q

Which dewormer is effective for tx of cooperia?

A

Benzimidazoles

34
Q

Which parasite is a common cause of diarrhea in kids 1-4months old (associated with stress)

A

Coccidia (Eimeria spp.)

35
Q

In which segment of the GI tract can you find Haemonchus?

A

Abomasum–pierce mucosa and cause protein and plasma loss

36
Q

3 classes of dewormers commonly used in goats

A

Benzimidazoles
Imidathiazol
Macrolides

37
Q

Which macrolide is not recommended for use and why?

A

Doramectin–increases resistance due to prolonged presence

38
Q

Biggest facotr affected the rate of development of resistance?

A

Refugia

39
Q

In goats, which two methods of dewormer administration contribute to resistance?

A

pour-on dewormers
Injecting

**ALWAYS give orally, OVER THE TONGUE

40
Q

When dosing goats, how much dewormer do you give compared to sheep/cattle?

A

2x the dose for all dewormers except levamisole

For levamisole–1.5x dose (more toxicity)

Large animal GI (5 decks)

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