Edge Cities

Question 1

Garreau,J.1991

Answer 1

• Every American city is growing with multiple cores
• Our new city centres are tied together not by locomotives and subways but by jetways, freeways and satellite dishes
• Moved means of creating wealth, the essence of urbanism our jobs out to where most of us have lived and shopped for two generations

Question 2

Description

Answer 2

• Substantial office space
• More jobs than bedrooms
• Substantial retail space
  For years, all across the country, stores, offices and entertainment have been retreating into the suburban and exurban hinterlands where the middle class had decamped (Blumgart,2018)

Question 3

Aerotropolis

Answer 3

• Airports have attracted edge cities, Pulls city towards airport

Question 4

Effects

Answer 4

• People wary of edge cities because they are a new concept, wary of what they may become (Garreau,J.2011)
• The shaping of an edge city can no longer be shaped by traditional resources of town planning. (New ways must be explored which may be nerving) (Sieverts,T.2003)
• Increased pollution
• Great wealth is acquired in an edge city however it is without a soul or community
• Newly freed individuals coming back together in totally modern agglomerations, on new terms, stronger, growing with adequate space
• Real estate markets, have made an entire generation of homeowners and speculators rich.
• Garreau,J.2011
• Causes a dislocation of the sphere to the community life
• Improves everyday life as people have more space to live in
• Difficulties in governance (Refer back to metropolitan governance)
• Heavier reliance on vehicle accessibility
• The cities of tomorrow will consist of a concentration of compact settlements surrounded and surrounding countryside
• Sieverts, T.2003
• Improves everyday life as people have more space to live in
• Difficulties in the identification of certain regions, what constitutes as what is difficult

Question 5

Edgeless cities

Answer 5

• Edgeless cities are not mixed use, pedestrian friendly areas, nor are they easily accessible by public transit
• Princeton is an example
• Edgeless Cities account for the bus of office space found outside of downtowns
• Office development lacks a discernible boundary
• Shows how cities are hard to manage, the existence of edge cities indicate that economic forces push towards direction of sprawl.
• More costly, because low concentration means money has to be spent on infrastructure to connect them
• Metropolitan areas now differ widely in terms of density, form and land use
• Policy makers need to understand and work with these changes (not a specific model policy makers can follow.)
• Lang.2003

Question 6

Causes

Answer 6

• ‘Settlement creates settlement idea’, Growing employment and consumption market attracts further institutions
• People are attracted to an area which has principles of both an urban environment and a rural environment (Sievert,T.2003)
• URBAN VILLAGE LEINBERGER (1990)
• Transition from a manufacturing to a service economy (Manufacturing concentrated in cities)
• Shift from rail to truck, trucks favour peripheral locations
• Improvements in communications mean businesses don’t need to be close
• Suburban land cheaper