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Biology Module 6 > Ecosystems, Populations And Sustainability > Flashcards

Ecosystems, Populations And Sustainability Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define an ecosystem

A

Group of living and non living factors and relationships between them

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2
Q

Name some biotic factors

A

Food, disease

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3
Q

Name an abiotic factor

A

PH, temperature

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4
Q

What does dynamic mean?

A

Constant change

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5
Q

What are cyclical changes?

A

Changes that repeat themselves such as predator prey relationships

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6
Q

What are directional changes?

A

Changes that last longer than the organisms

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7
Q

What is an un predictable change?

A

Hurricanes and extreme weather

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8
Q

Define a population

A

Many groups of the same species within an area

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9
Q

Define a community

A

Many populations of different species within the same area

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10
Q

What is dry Biomass?

A

Dried mass of an organism

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11
Q

How do you work out efficiency with 2 trophic levels?

A

( Biomass of higher trophic level ÷ Biomass of lower trophic level ) × 100

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12
Q

Define productivity

A

Rate in which energy passes through each trophic level in a food chain

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13
Q

Define gross primary productivity

A

Rate sunlight is converted to chemical energy

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14
Q

Define net primary productivity

A

The amount of sunlight energy to enter into the food chain

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15
Q

How can human prevent respiratory losses?

A

Intensive rearing
Heaters

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16
Q

How do you work out net production Biomass or energy?

A

Gross production - respiratory losses

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17
Q

What is decomposition?

A

When a compound is broken down into smaller molecules

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18
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

Organism that feeds on dead material

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19
Q

What is a detritovore?

A

An organism that speeds up decay process

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20
Q

Outline nitrogen fixation

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria, azobacter, contains the enzyme nitrogenase which combines N2 with hydrogen to form NH3

21
Q

Outline nitrification

A

Nutrifying bacteria break down ammonium into nitrites and nitrates

22
Q

Outline dentrification

A

When dentrifying bacteria converts nitrates back into nitrogen

23
Q

Outline ammonification

A

When decomposes convert dead organisms into ammonium

24
Q

Define abundance

A

Number of different species present at a given time

25
Q

How do you work out number of populations?

A

Amount of individuals in the sample ÷ area of sample

26
Q

How do you calculate population size?

A

( amount in 1st sample × amount in 2nd sample ) ÷ amount of marked individuals

27
Q

What is primary Succession?

A

When an organism colonises an area where no soil is present

28
Q

How does primary Succession lead to habitats?

A

Death of pioneer species creates soil for other organisms to grow in

29
Q

What is a pioneer specie?

A

First specie to colonise an area

30
Q

What is deflated Succession?

A

When Succession is stopped due to human activity such as cutting grass

31
Q

What is plagioclimax?

A

Final stage of Succession after human interference

32
Q

What is a climax community?

A

The most stable size of a community

33
Q

What is secondary Succession?

A

When plants grow in areas where primary successors have died. Soil is already present

34
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

Maximum sustainable population

35
Q

What are the 3 stages of a population graph?

A

Lag phase, slow reproduction
Log phase, fast reproduction
Stationary phase, carrying capacity

36
Q

What are r strategies?

A

Reach carrying capacity quickly but have a short lifespan

37
Q

What are k strategies?

A

Limiting factors have an impact on populations, long life span

38
Q

Name some density dependant factors

A

Competition and disease

39
Q

Name some density independent factors

A

Climate

40
Q

What is the competitive exclusion principle?

A

2 species compete for same resources so can’t co exist

41
Q

What is allelopathy?

A

Plants release chemicals to prevent their competitors from growing

42
Q

Define conservation

A

Protection of an area to maintain biodiversity. Hands on approach

43
Q

Define preservation

A

Hands off approach to maintain biodiversity in a natural way

44
Q

For what 3 reasons are biodiversity maintained for?

A

Ecological
Social
Ethical

45
Q

How has the galapogos islands been effected by human action?

A

Introduction of foreign species and disease
Illegal and mass fishing

46
Q

How are the galapogos Islands being protected?

A

Illegal fishing times
Larger holes in nets

47
Q

Outline the process of coppicing

A

A tree is cut down and many new shoots form which are then cut for fire wood. More and more new shoots form

48
Q

How is coppicing sustainable?

A

Rotational

49
Q

How is coppicing sustainable?

A

Rotational

Biology Module 6 (6 decks)

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