Cloning And Biotechnology

Question 1

What is vegetable propagation?

Answer 1

Part of the plant which becomes a new plant

Question 2

What is prenantion?

Answer 2

Plants ability to survive multiple germination seasons

Question 3

What are cuttings?

Answer 3

Shoot cut from a plant to develop into a new plant

Question 4

What is grafting?

Answer 4

One plant is diagonally sliced to join a new plant

Question 5

What is layering?

Answer 5

Roots develop then become separated from parent plant

Question 6

What is micropropogation?

Answer 6

Produces lots of offspring but are genetically identical

Question 7

What does morticultural mean?

Answer 7

Large amount of plants with desired characteristics

Question 8

Outline tissue culture

Answer 8

1. Tissue sample taken under sterile conditions
2. Tissue sample immersed in bleach
3. Callus is encouraged to grow with hormones
4. Callus divides and continues to grow with hormones
5. New planters moved to soil

Question 9

Define parthenogenesis

Answer 9

Embryos from unfetilissd egg

Question 10

What is fragmenting?

Answer 10

New organisms form from fragments of an animal eg starfish

Question 11

What is embryo splitting?

Answer 11

Totipotent stem cells from egg beckme separated to become new organisms which are genetically identical

Question 12

What is somatic cell nuclear transfer?

Answer 12

Where 2 nuclei are joined together using an electric shock

Question 13

Define biotechnology

Answer 13

Application of biological enzymes to synthesise, breakdown and tranform materials including micro organisms

Question 14

Why are micro organisms used in food production?

Answer 14

Cheap and easy to grow eg yeast

Question 15

Define biomediation

Answer 15

Removal of pollutants from soul and water using microbes

Question 16

Outline 2 methods of micro organism culture

Answer 16

Nutrient broth
Agar where loop is sterilised with a bunsen flame to spread microbes onto agar

Question 17

What are the 4 stages on a micro organism culture graph?

Answer 17

Lag phase- adapting to surroundings

Exponential phase- reproduction

Log phase- carrying capacity is reached

Death phase- nutrients runs out and so organisms die

Question 19

Define a primary metabolite

Answer 19

Amino acid or nucleic acid

Question 20

Define a secondary metabolite

Answer 20

Produced when a microbe is established

Eg antibiotics

Question 21

What are the 2 types of bioprocesses to culture micro organisms?

Answer 21

Batch fermentation
Continuous fermentation

Question 22

What is downstream processing?

Answer 22

Whay of extracting products from micro organism culturing