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national 5 biology > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of biodiversity?

A

The range of species within an ecosystem.

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2
Q

What is the definition of species?

A

A group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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3
Q

What is meant by population?

A

The total number of living organisms of one type (species) living in a habitat.

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4
Q

What is meant by a habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives e.g. in water, in soil, trees etc.

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5
Q

What is meant by a community?

A

All the organisms e.g. plants, animals and micro-organisms, that live in a particular area.

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6
Q

What is meant by an ecosystem?

A

All the organisms (the community) living in a particular habitat and the non-living components with which the organisms interact.

sometimes written as community + habitat.

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7
Q

Describe what is meant by a niche.

A

Every organism has its own niche. A niche is the role an organism plays within a community. It relates to the resources it requires in its ecosystem, such as light and nutrient availability and its interactions with other organisms in the community. It involves competition and predation and the conditions it can tolerate e.g. temperature.

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8
Q

What is the definition for a niche?

A

The role an organism plays in the community.

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9
Q

What is the definition for a producer?

A

An organism that can produce its own food. e.g. a plant

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10
Q

What is the definition for a carnivore?

A

An animal which eats only animals.

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11
Q

What is the definition for a consumer?

A

An animal which eats other organisms.

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12
Q

What is the definition for a herbivore?

A

An animal which eats only plants.

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13
Q

What is the definition of a predator?

A

An animal that hunts and eats other animals.

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14
Q

What is the definition of prey.

A

An animal that is hunted and eaten by other animals.

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15
Q

What is the definition of a decomposer?

A

An organism which feeds on dead organisms.

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16
Q

What is the definition of an omnivore?

A

An animal which eats plants and animals.

17
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A food chain is a diagram which shows a simple feeding relationship between organisms.

18
Q

How is a food web made?

A

A series of interconnecting food chains make up a food web which shows the detailed feeding relationships between organisms (of different species) in an ecosystem.

19
Q

Do food chains exist in isolation?

A

Food chains rarely exist in isolation.

20
Q

What do the arrows in a food web represent?

A

The arrows in a food web point from the food to the feeder and represent the flow of energy from one organism to another.

21
Q

What do food webs always start with?

A

Food webs always start with a producer, this is a plant.

22
Q

What can disrupt a food web?

A

Food webs are delicately balanced and the removal of one organism (species) can affect all the other organisms (species) in the food web. Human activities such as hunting, fishing or using chemicals that cause pollution, can all disrupt a food web.

23
Q

When does competition in ecosystems occur?

A

Competition in ecosystems occurs when recources are in short supply e.g. food, light (plants), water, mates, habitat.

24
Q

What are the effects of competition?

A

The effects of competition include more individuals of the successful species surviving to reproduce, thus increasing the number of successful species. The less successful species may therefore decrease in number.

25
Q

What are the two forms of competition?

A

There are two forms of competition:

Intraspecific competition and interspecific competition.

26
Q

What is the definition of intraspecific competition?

A

Intraspecific competition occurs amongst individuals of the same species and is for all recources required.

27
Q

What is the definition of interspecific competition?

A

Inter specific competition occurs amongst individuals of different species for one or few of the resources they require.

28
Q

Which of the two forms of competition is more intense?

A

Intraspecific competition is more intense than interspecific competition.

29
Q

What is essential for different species of animals to exist together?

A

Different species of animals can only exist together without competing as long as their requirements are different.

30
Q

What are the two conditions which organisms can tolerate?

A

Temperature and pH

31
Q

Why does temperature affect an organism’s ability to reproduce?

A

Enzyme-controlled reactions can be affected by environmental temperature, especially if the organism does not maintain a constant body temperature.
Temperature also affects the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water which affects the rate of respiration in aquatic organisms.

32
Q

Why does pH affect an organism’s ability to survive?

A

pH affects enzyme activity.

national 5 biology (29 decks)

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