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Final Year Lfsc10🌸 > Ecosystem > Flashcards

Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

In order to survive and reproduce living organisms have to

A

Interact with other organisms as well as the environment they live in

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2
Q

Environment

A

The sum total of all the biological, physical and chemical conditions surrounding an organism

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

Specific area in a biome with characteristic vegetation in which there is close interaction with abiotic and biotic components where organisms also display adaptation for survival in their environment
There is a sustainable flow of energy through an ecosystem and recycling of nutrients.

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4
Q

Example of a ecosystem

A

Lakes ponds, desert

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5
Q

Study of ecosystems

A

Ecology

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6
Q

Ecology

A

Study of relationships and interactions between living organisms and between organisms and the natural environment in which they occur

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7
Q

An ecosystem consists of

A

Abiotic and biotic components

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8
Q

Abiotic components like

A

Physio graphic(landscape) factors
Edaphic(soil) factors
Light
Temperature
Water
Atmospheric gases
Wind

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9
Q

Physio graphic factors

A

North facing slopes get more sunlight than south facing slopes therefore they are warmer, drier and plants thrive while south facing slopes are cooler and wetter where shade plants like ferns thrive

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10
Q

Slope affecting the rate of water run off

A

A steep slope water run off is faster than a gradual slope and soil erosion occurs frequent. Soil on a steep slope is shallow and infertile and few plants and animals are present.

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11
Q

Height above sea levels

A

Areas high above sea levels experience extreme weather conditions such as string winds and snow
Planntd and animals occur differently from high above sea levels and those closer to sea level

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12
Q

Edaphic factors

A

Three types of soil is clay loam and sand

Clay consists of tiny soil particles while loam has lighter bigger particles and sandy soil is coaster and consists of big particles

Soil type
Ph level
Minerals in the soil
Air particles in the soil

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13
Q

Soil air

A

Some spaces between soil particles are filled with water while others with air for survival of soil organisms

In sandy soil there are bigger spaces between soil particles and it is well aerated, while clay has very small and poorly aerated.

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14
Q

Aerated

A

Expand

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15
Q

Water holding capacity

A

Large spaces between soil particles makes soil a poor conductor of water holding capacity while clay is the opposite.
Water rapidly filters through sandy soil taking along valuable nutrients, leaching process.
Drainage of clay is poor and plant roots may rot easily
Loam is suitable for plant growth as it has medium water-holding capacity is well aerated and contains sufficient nutrients

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16
Q

Humus content

A

Humus is decayed plant and animal matter
It increases both the soil fertility and water holding capacity of soil. Soil with high humus content is usually dark in color

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17
Q

Ph

A

Some plants such as azaleas and protease grow better in acidic soil (low pH)
Succulent plants grow better in alkaline soil
However most plants grow in neutral soil

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18
Q

In high Rainfall regions with sandy soil

A

Nutrients are leaches and the soil becomes acidic

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19
Q

Light

A

Plants need light for photosynthesis
However light is limited to avoid excessive damage to tissues therefore the day length affects the growth of a plant = photoperiodism

Light intensity also affects growth movements and turgor of a plant. Some plants adapt to the light intensity to which they are exposed to. In shade plants photosynthesis takes place at a much lower light intensity rate.

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20
Q

Example of nocturnals

A

Bats and moths

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21
Q

Temperature

A

Ectothermic animals, where the body temperature depends in the environmental temperature become inactive in cold winter temperatures and hibernate to survive

Endothermic animals keep their body temperature constant regardless of environmental temperature also hibernate or migrate to warmer habitats during winter.

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22
Q

Hibernation

A

A winter sleep, spanning cold winter periods and conditions, during which the metabolism and heart rate of the animal decreases.

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23
Q

Water and plant types

A

Plants are divided into:
Hydrophytes - plants that are adapted to grow in water like water lillies
Mesophytes are plants that grow in areas with moderate water supply like wheat and maize
Xerophytes are plants that adapt to grow in extremely dry conditions like aloe veras (succulent) with thick fleshy leaves to store water and thick cuticles

24
Q

Insects have a hard exoskeleton

A

That prevents dehydration of he body

25
Q

Fish have gills for

A

Gaseous exchange and fins for swimming

26
Q

Water cycle

A

Continuous cyclic movement of water between the earth and atmosphere

27
Q

Precipitation

A

Water moves from the atmosphere to the earth in from of rain and snow

28
Q

Capillary water

A

Water round between soil particles and can be easily absorbed while the opposite is hygroscopic water.

29
Q

Infiltration

A

Process during which water is abso8by the soil

30
Q

Plants transpire and lose water to the atmosphere

A

In the form of water vapor

31
Q

Large amounts of water vapor

A

Condenses and form clouds

32
Q

Water reaches the atmosphere by

A

Evaporation from large water masses and from the soil

33
Q

Green plants need

A

Co2

34
Q

Water contains

A

Much less dissolved 02 than air

35
Q

Plants absorb

A

Nitrogen Im from of nitrates from the soil wile animals obtain it from the food they eat.

36
Q

How are plants adapted for gaseous exchange

A

Animals have respiratory organs with specialized gaseous exchange surfaces like fish has gills
Plants have stomata on their leaves and stems through which gaseous exchange takes place
Underwater plants have thin epidermis and no cuticle

37
Q

Moving air accelerates

A

Evaporation and transpiration resulting in living organisms losing water more rapidly

38
Q

Biotic components are divided into

A

Auto trophic component and heterotrophic component

39
Q

Auto trophic component

A

Consists of all green plants that can photosynthesise and produce their own organic food(carbohydrates)
They are producers

40
Q

Heterotrophic component

A

Organisms that cannot produce their own food
They are indirectly(carnivore or omnivore) and directly(herbivore) dependent on the producers for food

They are consumers=primary, secondary, tertiary and decomposer

41
Q

Primary consumers

A

Feed directly on producers such as herbivores that live on plant matter and omnivores that live partially on plant matter

42
Q

Secondary consumers

A

Feed on the primary consumers like carnivores (meat eater), scavengers (eat the remains of dead animals) and omnivores (live on both animal and plant matter)

43
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

Feed on the secondary consumers and are all carnivores

44
Q

Decomposer

A

Are mainly saprophytic bacteria and fungi that feed on dead organic matter.
They break down organic compounds into simple inorganic substances that are released back into the environment

45
Q

Saprophytic

A

a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter

46
Q

Why would an organism be a saprophyte(feed on dead organic matter)

A

They lack chlorophyll therefore they don’t synthesis
They break organic matter in order to return nutrients back to the soil and water.
Decomposers on wood or material make it soft due to the enzyme secreted into organic matter and digest and absorb them with their threads and mycelium to sustain growth of fungi that open pores that utilize energy from dead matter

47
Q

Population

A

Group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area

48
Q

An ecosystem consists of

A

Communities and their environment

49
Q

Impact of human factors
On an ecosystem

A

Loss of biodiversity
Erosion where the soil is warn away
Loss of habitat
Climate change

50
Q

Adaption

A

Change in the structural, functional and behavioral characteristics of an organism enabling it to adjust to changing conditions within an environment.

51
Q

Structural

A

A special feature of a body

52
Q

Functional

A

The way in which a body works

53
Q

Behavioral

A

How a living organism behaves

54
Q

Predators are well adapted to hunt their prey, name a structural component that helps

A

Eyes in the front of their heads that estimate distances

55
Q

How do plants adapt to their environment

A

Plants store water in their leaves while water lilies having breathing pores on top of their leaves

Final Year Lfsc10🌸 (12 decks)

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