Biodiversity And Classification Flashcards
Biodiversity
Various forms of life on earth
Biodiversity includes
Species diversity
Genetic diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Species diversity
Variety of species
Genetic diversity
Genetic variety within a species
Ecosystem diversity
The variety of ecosystems that occur in a specific area
Indian ocean on the east coast is warmed by the
Mozambique and agulhas current from the tropics
Atlantic Ocean on the west coast is cooled by the
Benguela current from the Antarctica
Indigenous species
Species that occur naturally in a particular country or region
Exotic /alien plants
Species that don’t occur naturally in a region but have been brought from another region
Endemic species
Species that will only exist in one area and no where else
Taxa
The groups in which organisms are classified into
Taxonomy
Scientific classification of organisms
7 categories under each kingdom
Kingdom
Phylum/division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
They are based on physical properties like the two kingdom system divided into plantae and animalia
5 kingdom system
Monera(bacteria)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
What is used to classify organisms in the 5 kingdom system
Body structure - unicellular /multicellular/colonies
Cell structure-presence or absence of nucleus or organelles
Composition of cell wall-cellulose/chitin/no cell wall
Motility - mobile or immobile
Mode of nutrition - auto trophic or heterotrophic
Method of reproduction - binary fission/asexual/sexual
Binary fission
binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides, resulting in two identical cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell
Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Organisms without a true cell or organelles in the cytoplasm
Their DNA is not free in the cytoplasm
Monera is prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Organisms with a true nuclei
DNA is enclosed by a nuclear membrane and occurs inside the nucleus therefore
True organelles in the cytoplasm
All Protista, fungi, plantae and animalia
Kingdom monera
Bacteria are unicellular ; no true nuclei and the bacterium cell is surrounded by a cell wall
Some are auto trophic by photosynthesis however majority is heterotrophic.
Heterotrophic bacteria :parasitic
Mutualistic and saprophytic
Parasitic
Dependent on living organic matter for food where organisms live together and one benefits while the other is harmed.
Saprophytic
Dependent on dead organic matter for food
Mutualistic
Living together with other organisms so that both benefit from the relationship
Reproduction for monera
Asexually or binary fission
Kingdom Protista
Protozoa animal like unicellular, heterotrophic organisms
Algae-plant like auto trophic organisms
Slime moulds and water moulds - fungus like organisms
Some protist are microscopic while others like algae are macroscopic
Eukaryotic and it moves by cilia and flagella
Reproduction is asexually - binary fission
Live in most environment as they are aquatic.
Kingdom fungi
Yeast-unicellular
Mushroom-multicellular
Moulds-multicellular
Have a true nuclei and eukaryotic
Cell walls consist of cellulose and chitin
Fungal body has branched filaments/hypae
Heterotrophic - no chlorophyll
Saprophytic and live on dead organic matter
Some are parasites or Mutualistic
Reproduction is by binary fission for unicellular fungi
And multicellular fungi - asexually by means os spored during favorable conditions and sexually by gametes during unfavorable conditions
Kingdom plantae
Divided into= byrophytes are mosses, angiosperms like flowering planted
Multicellular with a true nuclei and eukaryotic
Auto trophic and reproduction sexually and asexually
Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular and complex
True nuclei =eukaryotic
No cell walls
Heterotrophic
Reproduction by asexual and sexual
