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envisci > ecosystem > Flashcards

ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

is a complex system of living
(biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components

A

Ecosystem

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2
Q

An ecosystem has two primary components

A

Biotic and Abiotic living things

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3
Q

are the living organisms that interact
with each other and their environment within an
ecosystem.

A

Biotic components

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4
Q

Types of animals

A

Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores

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5
Q

are the non-living physical and
chemical elements that influence the living organisms
within an ecosystem.

A

Abiotic components

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6
Q

What is examples of abiotic coomponents?

A

Sunlight
Water
Soil
Temperature
Air (Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide)

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7
Q

What are the tyoes of ecosystem?

A

Terrestrial (Land-based)
Aquatic(water-based)

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8
Q

What are the 6 subtyes of ecosystem?

A

Forest, grasslands, desert, tundra, mariane, and freshwater

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9
Q

are complex communities of
trees, plants, animals, and microorganisms that
thrive in areas with high levels of rainfall and
moderate temperatures.
They play a crucial role in carbon
sequestration, oxygen production, and
biodiversity support

A

Forest Ecosystems

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10
Q

are dominated by grasses and herbaceous plants, typically found
in regions with moderate rainfall and periodic droughts. These ecosystems support a wide variety of grazing animals and serve as important habitats for biodiversity

A

Grassland ecosystems

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11
Q

are characterized by extreme aridity, with low precipitation and
sparse vegetation, adapted to survive harsh conditions.
These ecosystems host specially adapted species and play a significant role in nutrient cycling

A

Desert ecosystems

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12
Q

exist in cold, treeless
regions with permafrost, where only hardy vegetation like mosses and lichens can thrive. These fragile ecosystems are crucial for
regulating global temperatures and supporting unique wildlife species.

A

Tundra ecosystems

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13
Q

have salinity levels less
than 0.5 parts per thousand. Includes rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Vital for drinking water,agriculture, and supporting diverse species.

A

Freshwater ecosystems

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14
Q

have salinity levels above
30 parts per thousand and cover about 70% of the Earth’s surface.
Includes oceans, coral reefs, and deep-sea areas. Key for climate regulation, fisheries, and oxygen production

A

Marine ecosystems

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15
Q

Marine ecosystems Ocean Zones:

A
  1. Euphotic zone
    2, Disphotic zone
  2. Aphotic zone
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16
Q

Extends from the surface to 80-100 meters.
Receives sufficient light for photosynthesis.
Supports a wide range of marine life

A

Euphotic zone

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17
Q

Lies between 80-700 meters.
Receives limited light, not enough for
photosynthesis.
Predators rely on faint light to detect prey

A

Disphotic zone

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18
Q

Begins around 200-800 meters.
No sunlight penetrates, no photosynthesis
occurs.
Dominated by chemosynthetic and
heterotrophic organisms

A

Aphotic zone

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19
Q

Found where freshwater meets saltwater,
creating brackish conditions. Includes estuaries
and salt marshes.
Important for species nurseries, pollutant
filtration, and coastal protection

A

ESTUARINE
BIOMES

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20
Q

A linear sequence that shows how
energy and nutrients flow.

A

FOOD CHAINS

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21
Q

Food Chain Structure?

A
  1. Producers
  2. Primary Consumers
  3. Secondary Consumers
  4. Tertiary Consumers
  5. Decomposers
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22
Q

A complex network of interconnected food chains that exist within an ecosystem.

A

FOOD WEBS

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23
Q

are the hierarchical positions in a food
chain or food web, representing the flow of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem

A

Trophic levels

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24
Q

How many trophic levels are there?

A
  1. First trophic level
  2. Second trophic level
  3. Third Trophic level
  4. Fourth Trophic Level
  5. Fifth Trophic Level
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25
Q

Food chains and food webs are crucial for

A

the flow of
energy, nutrient cycling, and maintaining the stability of
ecosystems

26
Q

is the natural process
through which carbon moves between the atmosphere, land, oceans, and living organisms, playing a crucial role in maintaining the Earth’s climate and supporting life.

A

carbon cycle

27
Q

s a natural process that
describes how nitrogen moves through the Earth’s atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, playing a crucial role in sustaining
life.

A

nitrogen cycle

28
Q

also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous movement of water within the Earth and its atmosphere.

A

water cycle

29
Q

are events caused by natural forces
that disrupt the structure and function of an ecosystem. These disturbances play a key role in shaping ecosystems
and promoting biodiversity.

A

Natural Disturbances

30
Q

Fires caused by natural phenomena like lightning or extreme heat.

A

Wildfires

31
Q

What are the impact of wildfires?

A

Clears dead vegetation, promotes new growth.
Helps certain species that depend on fire for seed
germination (e.g., some pine trees).
Can initially reduce plant and animal populations
but leads to ecological regeneration

32
Q

Overflow of water in areas that are usually dry, caused
by heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or storm surges

A

Floods

33
Q

What are the impact of floods?

A

Enriches soil by depositing nutrients and
sediments.
Recharges groundwater levels.
Can temporarily displace or harm wildlife, but
often fosters new wetland habitats

34
Q

Intense tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rainfall

A

Hurricanes

35
Q

What are the impact of hurricanes?

A

Causes coastal erosion and destruction of habitats
like coral reefs and mangroves.
Can lead to ecosystem regeneration by clearing
out weak or diseased trees.
Brings rain to drought-prone areas, balancing
water systems

36
Q

Explosive release of molten rock, ash, and gases from a volcano

A

Volcanic Eruption

37
Q

What is the impact of volcanic eruption?

A

Destroys vegetation and animal life in immediate
areas.
Over time, volcanic ash adds nutrients to soil,
supporting future plant growth.
Can create new landforms and habitats (e.g., new
islands)

38
Q

Extended periods of abnormally low rainfall leading to
water shortages

A

Drought

39
Q

Impact of Drought?

A

Stress on plants and animals due to lack of water.
Can lead to desertification in extreme cases.
Some ecosystems, like grasslands, are adapted to
periodic droughts and recover afterward.

40
Q

are disruptions to ecosystems caused by human activities. They alter the
natural balance and function of ecosystems, often leading to long-term environmental degradation.

A

Human-induced disturbances

41
Q

Introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the environment, causing adverse effects on ecosystems
and human health

A

Pollution

42
Q

Refers to the process by which rural areas are transformed into urban centers, often leading to habitat
loss and increased environmental stress.

A

Urbanization

43
Q

The large-scale removal of forests, primarily to make way for agricultural or urban development, leading to loss ofbiodiversity and disruption of ecosystems

A

Deforestation

44
Q

The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, often causing significant
environmental degradation through habitat destruction
and pollution.

A

Mining

45
Q

Occurs when fish populations are harvested at unsustainable levels, leading to the depletion of marine
species and disruption of aquatic ecosystems

A

Overfishing

46
Q

is key to preserving the natural structures and functions of biomes.

A

Conservation

47
Q

There are two types of human impact on ecosystems

A

positive and negative

48
Q

What are the positive impact of human on the ecosystem?

A

Conservation Efforts
Sustainable Agriculture
Ecotourism
Waste Reduction
Restoration Ecology

49
Q

Protected areas help preserve ecosystems and species

A

Conservation Efforts:

50
Q

Eco-friendly farming supports soil and biodiversity

A

Sustainable Agriculture:

51
Q

Tourism that helps conservation and educates people about
nature

A

Ecotourism

52
Q

Recycling and reusing materials reduce pollution

A

Waste Reduction:

53
Q

Restoring damaged ecosystems helps bring back
biodiversity

A

Restoration Ecology:

54
Q

What are the negative impact on ecosystems?

A

Deforestation:
Pollution:
Climate Change:
Invasive Species:
Overfishing/Overhunting:

55
Q

Clearing forests destroys habitats and affects climate.

A

Deforestation:

56
Q

Chemicals and waste harm air, water, and soil.

A

Pollution:

57
Q

Burning fossil fuels and cutting down trees cause global
warming

A

Climate Change:

58
Q

Non-native species take over and harm local wildlife

A

Invasive Species:

59
Q

Removing too many species disrupts ecosystems

A

Overfishing/Overhunting:

60
Q

focuses on restoring and
rehabilitating degraded ecosystems to their natural
state.

A

Restoration ecology

61
Q

What are examples of restoration ecology?

A
  1. Reforestation Projects
  2. Mangrove Rehabilitation
  3. Coral Reef Restoration
62
Q
A

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