biogeochemical

Question 1

is vital for all life and universal processes. On earth, the sun serves as the primary source, directly fueling processes like phootsynthesis and indirectly through fossil fuels, which store its trapped enrgy from the sun

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

is stored energy that is latent byt available for use

Answer 2

potential

Question 3

the energy obtained in moving objects

Answer 3

kinetic energy

Question 4

Without the ____, photosynthesis could not take place. The sun provides the initial energy that starts the cycle of photosynthesis, which converts this sun energy into food for plants.

Answer 4

THE SUN

Question 5

What is the process in photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Energy from light is harvested and used to drive synthesis of organic carbohydrates (sugar) from carbon dioxide and water, generating oxygen.

Question 7

Within the chloroplasts are specialized pigment molecules called

Answer 7

chlorophylls

Question 8

can absorb light and turn it into chemical energy that the plant can use

Answer 8

chlorophyll

Question 9

is the only way that radiant energy from the sun can be converted into organic molecules for plants and animals to consume

Answer 9

photosynthesi

Question 10

what are the different trophic levels?

Answer 10

autotrophs
primary consumers
secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
quaternary consumers

Question 11

What is the 10% rule of energy in energy pyramid?

Answer 11

In the food web or energy pyramid, each trophic level only gets 10% of its energy from the level before it. The other 90% of the energy in the trophic level goes to many functions, such as living, growing, and reproduction.

Question 12

How is the balance maintained in Eearth?

Answer 12

through biogeochemical cycles - carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water that connect life to the nonliving environment

Question 13

is a continuous natural process that ensures a steady supply of freshwater for all living things, playing a crucial role in maintaining Earth’s balance.

Answer 13

Hydrologic Cycles

Question 14

refers to the movement of matter through different stages in natural systems. In the figure, yellow arrows show usable energy flow, while red arrows indicate energy lost as unusable heat.

Answer 14

Matter Cycle

Question 15

What are the most common elements in organic molecules?

Answer 15

carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur

Question 16

traps the long wavelength radiations from the sun and prevents it from escaping into space, very much like the glass walls of a greenhouse, thus acting as a blanket over the planet and controlling the temperature of the earth.

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide

Question 17

Who discovered
the carbon cycle in the 18th
century, which was later
popularized by Humphry
Davy.

Answer 17

Antoine Laviosier and Joseph Priestly

Question 18

The circulation of carbon on earth in which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted to organic nutrients photosynthesis through and is again converted back to the inorganic State by respiration, decay, or combustion.

Answer 18

carbon cycle

Question 19

What are the human impacts on the carbon cycle?

Answer 19

overcutting of trees or deforestation
Combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gases
waste disposal

Question 20

__________ is a colorless, odorless element. _________ is in the soil under our feet, in the water we drink, and in the air we breathe. In fact, ___________ is the most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere: approximately 78%.

Answer 20

nitrogen

Question 21

is a process where nitrogen changes into different forms, moving from the atmosphere to the soil, then to organisms, and back to the atmosphere. This cycle includes steps like nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, decay, and putrefaction.

Answer 21

nitrogen cycle

Question 22

What are 5 main steps to the Nitrogen Cycle:

Answer 22

1.Nitrogen Fixation
2.Ammonification
3. Nitrification
4. Assimilation
5.Denitrification

Question 23

What are nitrogen fixation?

Answer 23

Plants cannot use nitrogen in its gas form from the atmosphere so it must be transformed first. Bacteria transform nitrofen gas into ammonia which can be absorbed by plants

Question 24

What is ammonification?

Answer 24

Decomposers like bacteria transform the nitrogen-containing parts of the organic matter (dead organisms and waste) into ammonia

Question 25

What is nitrification?

Answer 25

Bacteria transform ammonia into nitrates (NO3) which plants can absorb

Question 26

What is assimilation?

Answer 26

The process by which plants absorb ammonia or nitrates through their roots to make proteins animals get nitrates through eating the plants

Question 27

What is denitrification?

Answer 27

Some bacteria convert nitrates in the soil to nitrogen gas which is released into the atmosphere

Question 28

What is the significance of phosphorus?

Answer 28

pant growth
nutrition
ATP
Biomolecules
phospholipids
aquatics
ecosystem

Question 29

The movement of phosphorus from the environment to organism and then back to environment is called

Answer 29

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Question 30

is a slow process which four key steps: involves - weathering - absorption by plants - absorption by animals - return to the environment via decomposition

Answer 30

phorporus cycle

Question 31

What is weathering?

Answer 31

• extraction of phosphorus from the rocks weather events such as rain and
• other sources of erosion
• result in phosphorus being washed into the soil

Question 32

what is absorption by plants?

Answer 32

-Plants absorb phosphorus from soil and grow.
- Plants can also directly absorb phosphorus from the water.

Question 33

What is absorptin by animals?

Answer 33

-Animals obtain phosphorus from drinking water and eating plants.

Question 34

What is return to the environment?

Answer 34

• When plants and animals die, decomposition results in the return of phosphorus back to the environment.
• Plants and animals then use this phosphorus and the cycle is repeated.

Question 35

What are the humana ctivities impact the phosporus cycle?

Answer 35

-phosphorus mining and fertilizer production
- agricultural runoff
- wastewater discharge
- livestock farming aquaculture
- industrial and municipal phosporus discharge

Question 36

What is sulfur cycle?

Answer 36

• Presence of sulfur in rocks, soil, and water
• Cycling of sulfur through ecosystems via organisms
  -Impact of combustion of
  fossil fuels on atmospheric
  sulfur compounds and acid
  precipitation
• Complexity of the sulfur
  cycle due to various oxidation
  states and involvement of
  living organisms

Question 37

What are sulfur bacteria and human activities?

Answer 37

1. Influence of oxygen concentrations, pH, and light levels on sulfur bacteria
   prevalence
2. Release of sulfur by bacteria into
   the environment or sequestration
   in biogenic deposits
3. Large quantities of sulfur released
   by human activities, primarily
   through burning fossil fuels
4. Consequences of
   anthropogenic sulfur
   emissions, including
   acid rain, health
   problems, damage to
   buildings and
   vegetation, reduced
   visibility, and cooling
   effects

Question 38

What are the parts of biogeochemical cycles?

Answer 38

1. Matter Cycle
2. Carbon Cycle
3. Nitrogen Cycle
4. Phosphorus cycle
5. Sulfur Cycle