economy under lenin and stalin Flashcards
Lenin’s early decrees encouraging collective ownership of resources and their problems
oct 1917 - abolished private ownership of land
november - recognised worker’s control in factories
workers failed to organise factories efficiently and output shrank. some helped themselves to unsustainable pay rises leading to high inflation
repression used in war communism
food requisitioning by force, kulaks labelled as enemies of the people, entire stocks seized, cheka used extensively
war communism as a fast track route to socialism
destroys bourgeoise attitudes
bourgeoise have lower rations
while ‘poor’ and ‘moderately poor’ regarded as allies of the people
failures of war communism
in 1921, total industrial output fell to 20 percent of pre-war levels
diseases such as cholera and dysentery increased, causing death of more than 3 million in 1920
what did the NEP do
allowed private owner ship of land, and smaller businesses
produce returned to 1913 levels
in 1926
scissors crisis - agriculture increased but lack of industry encouraged peasants to hold back and save thier goods instead of saving it
collectivisation successes and fails
by march1930 58 percent of peasant households collectivised
so much hostility that slowed down from oct 1930 onwards
dekulakisation removed c10 million of the most successful farmers
20 - 30 percent of grain and livestock destroyed
grain output did not exceed pre collectivisation levels until after 1935
estimated 52 percent of veg, 70 percent of meat and 71 percent of milk produced in private plots
how did lenin gain central control
railways banks merchant fleet putilov iron works, all nationalised
previously enjoyed freedom lost
terrible famine 1921 population 170. 9 million - 130. 9 million