Economic World

Question 1

What is development

Answer 1

Progress in economic growth, use of technology and improving welfare that a country has made

Question 2

How do we measure development

Answer 2

Birth rate
GNI
Life expectancy
Individual indicators are misleading so need to be looked at together

Question 3

What is wrong with just using GNI to measure a countries development

Answer 3

It doesn’t show variation between classes

Eg Russia has a high GNI with very few very wealthy but majority are poor

Question 4

Examples of HICs

Answer 4

UK

USA

Question 5

Examples of LICs

Answer 5

Nepal

Uganda

Question 6

Examples of NEEs

Answer 6

China
Brazil
Russia

Question 7

What is the demographic transition model

Answer 7

Shows how changing birth and death rates affect population

Question 8

What is natural increase

Answer 8

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate

Question 9

What does the different stages of the demographic transition model show

Answer 9

1. Least developed, high BR and DR
2. Low development, LICs here, based on agriculture, high BR, death rate decreasing
3. More developed, NEEs here, low BR from contraception and education
   4 and 5. Most developed, HICs here, low BR, low DR from healthcare, high income

Question 10

What are the physical causes of uneven development

Answer 10

Poor climate so difficult to grow food
Poor farming land so difficult to grow food
Few raw materials so make less money
Natural hazards so have to spend money rebuilding
Colonisation so when gains independence has less money
Conflict reduces development

Question 11

Economic causes of uneven development

Answer 11

Poor trade links
Lots of debt
An economy based on primary products so don’t make much profit

Question 12

What are the consequences of uneven development

Answer 12

Large flows of international migration as people in LICs want better healthcare and education
Eg 130,000 Mexicans move to USA each year

Question 13

What are the ways to reduce the development gap

Answer 13

Aid- given by one country to another
Debt relief- cancelled debt eg in Zambia so had enough money to start free healthcare
Fair Trade- farmers get fair price for crops
Intermediate technology- eg solar panels for energy
Investment - people in HICs buy property in LICs and build area up
Tourism- more money enters country eg Kenya
Micro finance loans - allows people to become financially independently

Question 14

What is a TNC

Answer 14

A trans national co operation

They have factories all over the world especially poor countries and improve development in them as it is cheaper

Question 15

What are the advantages of TNCs

Answer 15

Create jobs 
Reliable income for workers 
Improves infrastructure in LIC
Bring new technology 
Teach new skills

Question 16

Disadvantages of TNCs

Answer 16

Low wages
Poor working conditions
Jobs that aren’t secure

Question 17

Evidence for the north-south divide in the UK

Answer 17

Wages 
GCSE results
Health
Life expectancy
Are all worse in the North than South generally

Question 18

What was the main cause of the north south divide

Answer 18

Once the north was a great industrial area with lots of people working in shipbuilding and mining
De industrialisation caused them to lose jobs and the north is still feeling effects

Question 19

What are the key causes of economic change in the uk

Answer 19

De industrialisation

Globalisation - manufacturing moved overseas

Question 20

What is the primary sector

Answer 20

Jobs that involve extracting raw materials eg fishing

Question 21

What is the secondary sector

Answer 21

Jobs that involve manufacturing eg factory

Question 22

What is the tertiary sector

Answer 22

Jobs that involve providing a service eg teacher

Question 23

What is the quaternary sector

Answer 23

Jobs that involve high level technology eg NASA

Question 24

What are the main employment sectors in the UK

Answer 24

Tertiary and Quaternary

Question 25

What are the 4 main employment industries in the uk

Answer 25

Services - eg retail employs 5 million
Information technology - over 50,000 employed
Finance - many banks have global headquarters in UK
Research - £30 billion spent in 2013

Question 26

What is a science business park

Answer 26

Area on the outskirts of cities
Near unis so research businesses have facilities
Drugs are developed by many different companies boosting each other

Question 27

Why is the population of people living in Cumbria declining and what happens as a result of this

Answer 27

There are fewer jobs and no big cities nearby to commute to

Schools and shops are closing as no one needs them

Question 28

Why is the population of north summerset increasing and what happens as a result of this

Answer 28

People want to move to quieter towns and commute into big cities and this is close to Bristol
House prices are rising which is pricing out locals
Roads are congested and schools are oversubscribed

Question 29

What is the government doing to try and resolve regional differences

Answer 29

Devolving more powers to local councils as they know what is best for their area
Create enterprise zones with reduced taxes and financial benefits to encourage businesses to locate in areas of high unemployment

Question 30

What is transport like in the uk and how is it being improved

Answer 30

Motorways are being built with extra lanes
Cross rail is under construction
Building new runway at Heathrow
The new London gateway port is opening and is able to handle worlds largest container ships

Question 31

What are the Uks main international links

Answer 31

Trade - £250 billion of exports yearly
Culture eg Shaun the sheep made in Bristol shown in 170 countries
Transport - channel tunnel and large airports
EU and Commonwealth

Question 32

How does Kenya attract tourists

Answer 32

It’s Tribal culture
Safari wildlife
Warm climate
Beautiful scenery

Question 33

What are the benefits of tourism in Kenya

Answer 33

Contributes for 12% of GDP
Nearly 600,000 are employed as a result
24 national parks charge entry fees so makes money

Question 34

What are the disadvantages of tourism for Kenya

Answer 34

Only a small proportion of money goes to locals
Some tribal people were forced off land
Vehicles damage environment

Question 35

What is the development like in India

Answer 35

It is a rapidly developing NEE
Second largest population in the world
Medium levels of development
Exports services and goods across the world

Question 36

Which of the 4 sectors are mostly employing in India

Answer 36

Primary industry employs 50%
Secondary employs 20%
Tertiary employs 30%

Question 37

What are the advantages of TNCs in India

Answer 37

Provide employment
Greater income from tax
The company Unilever helps poor women in rural villages become entrepreneurs by providing loans , are now 50,000 women on scheme
Unilever also works with charities to run hygiene education programs

Question 38

What’s the disadvantages of TNCS in India

Answer 38

Some profits leave India

Can cause environmental problems eg contaminated waste ended up in a waste dump

Question 39

How is India’s relationship with the wider world changing

Answer 39

It is reducing barriers to trade and encouraging foreign investment
Working with border countries to being pipeline to carry gas to India

Question 40

What aid does India receive

Answer 40

Short term aid
Eg UK sent £10 million after earthquake
Long term aid
Until 2015 recurved £200 million from Uk to tackle poverty

Question 41

How has economic development impacted the quality of life in India

Answer 41

More jobs and wages increase
Better santitation
Some jobs can be dangerous so reduce quality of life

Question 42

How has economic development in India impacted the environment

Answer 42

Energy consumption increase
Demand for resources destructs environment
Increased income means can afford to protect