Economic developments Flashcards
reasons for and impact of the great turn; the economic shift; the launch of the first five year plan and the decision to collectivise
reason for the great turn - economic
winter 1927-1928 amount of grain purchased by the government down 25% grain prices were low and peasants were focusing on goods with higher prices or hoarding
would raise revenue for industrialisation by selling grain to other countries
mechanisation from industrialisation would make agriculture more effective and mean less peasants so they can work in industry
industrial management was poor and efficiency needed to increase
what was the great turn
1927-1929 the abandonment of the NEP to move towards rapid industrialisation and collectivisation of agriculture
what was the Ural-Siberian method
1928 Stalin sent officials to seize grain using force
showed Stalin’s abilities and how effective this was
reasons for the great turn - political
fitted into Marxist ideology to manage the economy and control production
kulak elimination as these were a capitalist class
support of working class party members who were starving
control e.g. grain hoarding illegal, OGPU could deport to labour camps, peasants encouraged to denounce kulaks in return for the kulaks land so could arrest and exile kulaks
wanted to increase military strength
reasons for the great turn - social
control and transform backwards peasantry - potential source of opposition to regime
remove kulak class e.g. 5 million deported and used as forced labour
consequences of the great turn - social
growth of the proletariat - by 1939 population in come cities trebled, helped provide workforce
peasant dissatisfaction - resisting collectivisation, 30,000 incidents of riots/resistance reported in the first year
famine increased procurement and decreasing production caused famine 7 million kulaks died
10 million peasants disposed of between 1929-1932
consequences of the great turn - economic
more food for workforce 1928-1933 amount of grain procured more than doubled 10-22 million tonnes
grain exports increased - supports industrialisation
increased mechanisation and industrialisation
unproductivity 25-30% of cattle pigs and sheep slaughtered machinery destroyed crops burned
consequences of the great turn - political
support within party after panic over famine
control over countryside e.g. internal passports, law of seven eighths 1932 10 year sentence for stealing socialised property, by 1942 98% of farms were collectives
destruction of peasant political force - 10 mill exiled/ imprisoned. forced labour
kulaks eliminated 7 million by 1934
had to return to voluntary 1930 as resistance could have caused collapse of grain production many left collectives
compromise - allowed to sell grain left over and private plots allowed 1935 private plots making 1/3 of food
aims of the first five year plan
develop heavy industry - 80% of investment
boost overall production by 300%
improve transport system
electrify the country
when was collectivisation imposed
December 1929
When was the first five year plan
1928-1932
