ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE UK

Question 1

What percentage of the UKs work force is in the tertiary and quaternary industry?

Answer 1

83% IN 2017

Question 2

How many people does retail employ in the UK?

Answer 2

4 million people

Question 3

How many people work in IT in the UK?

Answer 3

670000

Question 4

What are important industries in the UK?

Answer 4

Services
Information technology (IT)
Finance
Research

Question 5

Where are science business parks located?

Answer 5

Outskirts of cities near housing and good transport links
Near unis so can work with uni researchers

Question 6

What are the advantages of science business parks?

Answer 6

Can help meet demand for high-tech products
Form links with research universities
Clusters of related businesses in one place can boost each other

Question 7

What are the three main causes for economic change in the UK?

Answer 7

De-industrialisation
Globalisation
Government politics

Question 8

How has de-industrialisation changed the economy in the UK?

Answer 8

Other countries could produce goods much cheaper than the UK so increased competition which forced some of UKs manufacturing industries to close which led to job losses

Question 9

How has globalisation changed the economy in the UK?

Answer 9

Manufacturing has moved overseas where labour costs are lower
Some TNCs have moved their tertiary and quaternary operations to the UK
Trade from other countries has increased

Question 10

How has government politics changed the economy in the UK?

Answer 10

Government decisions on investment and support for business
Some government run industries have been privatised
Deregulation

Question 11

What is globalisation?

Answer 11

Globalisation is the way the world has become more interconnected.

Question 12

What is deregulation of businesses?

Answer 12

Removing restrictions and taxes on businesses to encourage entrepreneurs and investors to move to the UK

Question 13

What impacts does industry have on the environment?

Answer 13

Factories may release pollutants or greenhouse gases
Running them uses lots of energy and water
Extracting raw materials can destroy habitats and release toxic chemicals

Question 14

How are modern industries more sustainable now than older industrial plants?

Answer 14

Due to increasing energy and waste disposal costs
Stricter environmental regulations
Better awareness

Question 15

How are roads being improved in the UK?

Answer 15

Capacity on motorways is being increased by upgrading to ‘smart motorways’ with extra lanes e.g. M4

Question 16

How are railways in the UK being improved?

Answer 16

Crossrail will increase central London’s capacity by 10%
HS2 line links London, Birmingham, Leeds and Manchester and allows much faster journeys

Question 17

How are airports in the UK being improved?

Answer 17

Third runway at Heathrow airport which will allow extra 700 planes a day however increases noise and air pollution

Question 18

How are ports in the UK being improved?

Answer 18

London gateway opened at mouth of river Thames in 2013

Question 19

What is the UKS link with trade?

Answer 19

Trades globally
Overseas exports are worth £160 billion per year

Question 20

What is the UKs transport links?

Answer 20

Channel tunnel links UK and France
Larger airports like Heathrow act as international hub

Question 21

What is the European Union?

Answer 21

An economic and political partnership of 27 countries
Goods and people can move freely between EU countries

Question 22

What is the Commonwealth?

Answer 22

An association of 53 states including the UK and many of its former colonies
It promotes co-operation between members

Question 23

Why has population decreased by 0.8% in Cumbria (north west)?

Answer 23

Decline in jobs as agricultural and manufacturing industries have declined

Question 24

Why has population increased by 7.8% in north Somerset?

Answer 24

Moved to towns/villages with easy access to Bristol

Question 25

What are the effects of population decrease in Cumbria?

Answer 25

Population decline has caused shops to close and affect employment and local economy
Younger people have left

Question 26

What are the effects of population increase in north Somerset?

Answer 26

Caused housing prices to increase
Employment and wages above average
Caused congestion with commuters to Bristol
Services oversubscribed

Question 27

Why has the north south divide in the UK occurred?

Answer 27

Decline of heavy industry in the north
Growth of post-industrial industry in south

Question 28

What are the economic and social impacts of the north south divide for the north?

Answer 28

Wages are generally lower
Healthcare is worse
Education is worse

Question 29

How is the government trying to resolve regional differences?

Answer 29

Devolving more powers
Creating enterprise zones
The Northern powerhouse

Question 30

How does devolving more powers resolve regional differences?

Answer 30

Allows Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to have their own devolved government so they can use money on schemes they feel will best benefit local community

Question 31

How does creating enterprise zones resolve regional differences?

Answer 31

Encourage companies to locate in areas of high unemployment therefore bringing jobs and income

Question 32

What do enterprise zones contain?

Answer 32

Reduced taxes
Simpler planning rules
Financial benefits
Improved infrastructure

Question 33

What is the northern powerhouse?

Answer 33

The governments plan to reduce the inequality between the north and south by attracting investment into the north and improving transport links between northern cities (£70 mill on schools)

Question 34

What are the disadvantages of the northern powerhouse plan?

Answer 34

More of a concept and not a plan
Not clear how the money promised is going to be spent
Focuses on Manchester and other big cities but ignores smaller towns and cities

Question 35

How many new jobs were created in Sheffield by an enterprise zone?

Answer 35

16000 new jobs

Question 36

How much invested money from private companies was brought in to Sheffield by an enterprise zone?

Answer 36

£318 million