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GEOGRAPHY > ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA > Flashcards

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Flashcards

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1
Q

What country is the case study on?

A

India

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2
Q

What is the population?

A

Around 1.3 billion

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3
Q

How has its position in the Indian Ocean been beneficial?

A

Allowed it to establish trade links with south east Asia and the Middle East

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4
Q

How is India important globally?

A

Exports services and manufactures goods across the world
Member of the world trade organisation

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5
Q

Why does India play a major role in trade and politics in South Asia?

A

It has the biggest population and economy in South Asia

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6
Q

What is the political context of India?

A

Was a British colony until 1947

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7
Q

What is the social context of India?

A

Medium level of development
Large inequalities

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8
Q

What percentage of Indias population live in poverty?

A

20%

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9
Q

What is Indias HDI?

A

0.64

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10
Q

What is the cultural context for India?

A

22 recognised languages
Major religions (Hinduism and Islam)
Bollywood films

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11
Q

What is the environmental context of India?

A

Varied landscape (Himalayas and Thar desert and areas of forest)
River Ganges provides fertile farmland
Long coastline

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12
Q

What percentage of the working population work in the primary industry?

A

42%

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13
Q

What percentage of the working population work in the secondary industry?

A

24%

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14
Q

What percentage of the working population work in the tertiary and quaternary industry?

A

34%

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15
Q

How has the growth of manufacturing industries stimulated economic development in India?

A

Provided people with reliable jobs which leads to economic growth as workers spend their income

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16
Q

Why has employment in tertiary and quaternary industries grown?

A

Due to growth in IT firms and in supplying services for foreign countries

17
Q

How much do tertiary and quaternary industries contribute to Indias GDP?

A

62%

18
Q

What are transnational corporations (TNCs)?

A

Companies that operate in more than one country

19
Q

Why are TNC factories often located in LICs?

A

Because labour is cheaper and fewer environmental/labour regulations so more profit

20
Q

Why are TNCs offices/headquarters usually located in HICs?

A

More people with administrative skills

21
Q

What is an example of a TNC that operates in India?

A

Unilever (food and consumer goods manufacturers)

22
Q

What are the advantages of TNCs?

A

Provide employment
Pay tax to Indian government (40% income)
Some TNCs run programmes to increase development in India

23
Q

How many people does Unilever employ in India?

A

16000

24
Q

What are the disadvantages of TNCs?

A

Some profits leave India
Poor working conditions and low pay
Can cause environmental problems
Many close operations causing job loss

25
Q

What are Indias political relationships like?

A

Pakistan and China disagree over who owns what land on the border
Working with neighbours to build TAPI pipeline to carry natural gas from Turkmenistan

26
Q

What are Indias trading relationships like?

A

Reduced tariffs (taxes on imported goods) to increase trade

27
Q

What is short term aid?

A

Money and supplies are given to help countries cope with emergencies

28
Q

What is long term aid?

A

Money is invested in longer term projects to help countries become more developed

29
Q

What is top-down aid?

A

An organisation or the government decides how aid should be used

30
Q

What is bottom-up aid?

A

Money and supplies are given directly to local communities so they can decide how to use aid themselves

31
Q

What is an example of short term aid in India?

A

2010 floods affected over 1.7 mill people
UNICEF provided emergency supplies

32
Q

What is an example of long term aid in India?

A

2015 UK sent £200 mill a year to India to improve education, healthcare and sanitation

33
Q

What is an example of top-down aid in India?

A

Sardar Sarovar dam provides water for drinking and irrigation and generates hydro-electric power

34
Q

What is an example of bottom-up aid in India?

A

Self-employed womens association trained local women to maintain and repair water pumps in Gujarat

35
Q

How does economic development affect the quality of life?

A

More jobs so higher pay so more money to improve lives
Access to clean water increased
Some jobs in industry are dangerous (mining)

36
Q

How does economic development affect the environment in India?

A

Energy consumption increased with economic development so more fossil fuels used which pollutes environment
Delhi has worst air pollution in the world
Demand for resources can lead to destruction of habitats
Increased income means people can afford to protect the environment

GEOGRAPHY (11 decks)

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