economic development and demography Flashcards
what is the total fertility rate?
the average number of children per women throughout her childbearing years (14-49)
what is the crude birth rate?
the births per thousand of population
what is the crude death rate?
the deaths per thousand
what is the infant mortality rate?
infant deaths( age 0-1) per thousand live births
what is the life expectancy
expectation of life at birth in years
what is the population growth rate?
average annual rate of population change
what is the working age
(15-64
what are galors growth regimes?
- malthusian growth regime
->technological progress - the post malthusian growth regime
-> demographic transistion - the modern growth regime
what are the features of the demographic transition?
falling birth rate, falling death rate, improvements in the average global life expectancy, technological progress, falling fertility rate.
are children like consumer durables?
Consumer durables yield consumers a stream of utility
Children yield parents a stream of utility
Therefore children have similar characteristics as consumer durables
are children like inferior goods?
Inferior goods are those goods that people choose to have less of as their incomes rise
Parents choose to have fewer children as income per capita rises - an empirical stylised fact!
what are the benefits to parents of an additional child?
- consumption Utility
- income/work utility
- security utility
what is the consumption utility in relation to parenting?
Parents enjoy psychological pleasures from having children
Children yield a stream of utility to parents
what is the work utility in relation to parenting?
Child labour has been a feature of all economies during their development
what is the security utility in relation to parenting?
the pensions motive
what is parental risk aversion?
Because infant and child mortality are high in poor countries a risk averse parent will tend to over procreate
This will be magnified if there is a preference for surviving male children
what are the direct costs of additional children?
Feeding, Housing, Schooling, Health
what are the indirect costs of additional children>
Opportunity Cost Of Primary Caregivers Time
this is Influenced By: Discrimination, Education, Culture
