Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A: Russia the gooden > Economic Development > Flashcards

Economic Development Flashcards

1
Q

What date was Lenin’s decree on land?

A

October 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did the decree on land enforce?

A

Peasants seizure of land; abolishing private ownership.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was State Capitalism?

A

The first stage in a long transition into socialism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What date was Veshenka established?

A

December 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Veshenka?

A

The Council of the National Economy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why was the initial nationalisation of industry inefficient?

A

Workers failed to organise their factories efficiently, output shrank, workers awarded themselves excessive pay rises & helped themselves to equipment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why was there high inflation at this point?

A

There was more money than goods available.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When did Lenin begin to enforce food requisitioning?

A

spring 1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was ‘food requisitioning?’

A

A set amount of food was taken from the peasants to supply urban workers and soldiers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did Lenin encourage collective farming?

A

in the hope that the peasants could work more efficiently in groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why were the Kulaks beginning to be labelled as ‘enemies of the people?’

A

They had made personal wealth from their farming.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How were the Kulak’s victimized during the food requisitioning process?

A

They had their stocks seized and the Cheka were used against them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did the Civil War affect nationalisation?

A

increasing demands meant more and more companies became nationalised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the first entire industry to be nationalised?

A

Sugar in May 1918.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How were working conditions affected by nationalisation?

A

Working hours increased and workers lost their freedom. Wages were replaced by a rationing book.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How did rationing and the attack on the Kulaks affect the country side?

A

Grain production reduced to a dangerous level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the Tambov revolt?

A

An army of peasants uprising against gran requisitioning after a poor harvest left them with no reserves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many Red Army troops were deployed to deal with the peasant uprising in Tambov?

A

100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When was Martial Law declared to deal with the strikes and protests?

A

January 1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When was the Kronstadt Revolt?

A

March 1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who made up the rebel force in the Kronstadt Revolt?

A

30,000 sailors who had previously supported the October Revolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did the rebels in the Kronstadt Revolt demand?

A

An end to the one party state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who was used to suppress the Kronstadt revolt?

A

The Red Army and the Cheka.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How were the rebels in the Kronstadt Revolt punished?

A

15,000 were taken prisoner and the leaders were shot.

25
Q

When was the NEP announced?

A

At the 10th Party Congress, August 1921

26
Q

Which members of the Party supported the NEP?

A

Bukharin, Zinoviev and most of the leadership.

27
Q

Why did many Bolsheviks oppose the NEP?

A

they saw it as an ideological betrayal.

28
Q

What was the NEP’s ideology or plan?

A

It allowed for the private ownership of smaller businesses and permitted private trade.
It also ended rationing & industries had to pay their workers.

29
Q

What was the scissor crisis?

A

A rise in grain supply brought down food prices; but lack of industrial goods to buy in return caused peasants to hold onto their supplies.

30
Q

What caused the scissor crisis?

A

The peasants were quicker to respond to the NEP policies than the town workshops.

31
Q

How did the government respond to the scissor crisis?

A

The Government capped industrial prices, and replaced peasant quotas with money taxes in 1923; forcing them to sell.

32
Q

When did the economy recover from the crisis?

A

1926

33
Q

When was the Great Turn?

A

1927

34
Q

What was the Great Turn?

A

The announcement of Stalin’s Five Year Plans for rapid industrialisation.

35
Q

What was Central Planning?

A

Stalin’s desire to have strong central control over the economy.

36
Q

How did Stalin make sure workers stuck to the five year plans?

A

Not meeting quotas was seen as a criminal offence.

37
Q

What date(s) was the First Five Year Plan?

A

1928-32

38
Q

What were the aims of the first Five Year Plan?

A

increase production by 300%
develop heavy industry
boost electricity production by 600%
double the output of the light industry.

39
Q

How successful was the first Five Year Plan?

A

In writing, very successful; Stalin claimed the goals were met in 4 years.
However, no major targets were met. Success was due to over-enthusiastic reporting by local officials.

40
Q

What were the aims of the second Five Year Plan?

A

continue to develop heavy industry,
put new emphasis on light industry,
develop communications,
boost engineering & tool making.

41
Q

What year(s) was the Second Five year Plan?

A

1933-37

42
Q

Was the second FYP successful?

A

Electricity and Chemical industries grew rapidly.
New metals; zinc, copper and tin were mined for the first time.
Oil Production failed to meet its targets.
No increase in consumer goods.

43
Q

What year(s) was the third FYP?

A

1938-42

44
Q

What were the aims of the third FYP?

A

focus on development of heavy industry,
promote rapid rearmament,
complete transition to communism.

45
Q

In what areas was the third FYP successful?

A

strong growth in machinery and engineering & Rearmament.

46
Q

In what areas was the third FYP unsuccessful?

A

steel production stagnated, oil failed to meet targets.

Consumer goods was again the lowest priority.

47
Q

Why was the third FYP interrupted?

A

Germany invaded in 1941.

48
Q

When did the first stage of Collectivisation take place?

A

1929-30

49
Q

When did Stalin announce that the Kulaks were to be annihilated as a class?

A

December 1929

50
Q

How many richer peasants were forced to migrate north under dekulakisation?

A

c150,000

51
Q

How did peasants try to avoid being labelled as Kulaks?

A

by killing their livestock and destroying their crops.

52
Q

What percentage of grain-farming areas were to be collectivised in 1930?

A

25%

53
Q

What was a kolkhoz?

A

a collective farm.

54
Q

How did Dekulakisation go hand in hand with collectividation?

A

Dekulakisation was meant to scare poorer peasants into conforming to the collective farms.

55
Q

What percentage of households had been collectivised by March 1930?

A

58%

56
Q

When was the second stage in Collectivisation?

A

1930-41

57
Q

How many of the most successful farmers were removed by dekulakisation?

A

c10 million

58
Q

If you stole from a collective farm, what would your punishment be?

A

Jailed for 10 years

A: Russia the gooden (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions