ecology patterns in species richness Flashcards
Zoographic regions →
Earth’s land areas separated by barriers for species
how are species organized?
a) taxonomy
b) energy obtained
c) feeding relationships
d) impact and biomass
Trophic level →
How they obtain their energy from the environment (piramide)
de klasses van de ‘trophic level’
- primary producers (planten)
- primary consumers (insecten)
- secondairy consumers (kikkers)
- tertiary consumers (slangen)
- quaternary consumers (roofvogel)
the ‘indicators of biodiversity’
- state
- pressure
- response
- benefits
voordelen simpson over shannon
- Not sensitive to small
sample sizes - Ranks consistently
- Performance well
understood & meaningful
Singleton (F1)
exact 1 individu van een soort in de sample
Doubleton (F2)
exact 2 individuen van een soort in een sample
Alpha diversity
the diversity within a particular area or ecosystem; usually expressed by the number of species (i.e., species richness) in that ecosystem
beta diversity
a comparison of of diversity between ecosystems, usually measured as the amount of species change between the ecosystems
gamma diversity
a measure of the overall diversity within a large region
Species turnover
is de verandering in de soortensamenstelling van de ene gemeenschap naar de andere
Species overlap
is the similarity between two communities
Four types of factors affecting species richness:
- Geographic factors
- Factors correlated with geographic factors
- Factors independent of geographic factors
- biotic factors
- area size????
correlated geographic factors
- Input of energy
- Climatic variability
- Environmental age
& harshness
incorrelated geographic factors
- Disturbance
- Isolation
- Physical &
- Chemical heterogeneity
biotic factors
- Predation
- Parasitism
- Competition
- Succession
georgraphic factors
- hoogte
- diepte
- breedtegraad
- positie op aardbol
Species energy hypothesis
islands are energy collecters
