ecology- evolution in action Flashcards
exponential growth
Occurs when populations increase at their maximum rate under ideal conditions and the whole population multiplies by a constant factor in each generation.
logistic growth
occurring when exponentially growing populations eventually encounter one or more limiting factors constraining further growth.
fundamental niche
The fundamental niche is the environment in which it is possible for a species to grow
realised niche
he realised niche is the part of the fundamental niche to which it is confined due to competition from other species.
symbiosis
Living together in of two organisms in a close relationship that may or may not be mutually beneficial.
mutalism
Interaction between species where both species benefit.
commensalism
An interaction between two species where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
parasitism
Association between two different organisms wherein one benefits at the expense of the other
predation
when one organism preys on kills and eats another organism
amensalism
interaction between two species in which one is disadvantaged and the other unaffected.
herbivore
are animals that feed on plants
detritivore
Animals which consume detritus, which they utilise as a source of energy and nutrients.
food chain
Sequence of organisms along which energy and nutrients flow in an ecosystem, from primary producers to herbivores to carnivores
food web
System of linked or interacting food chains in an ecosystem.
decomposer
Organisms responsible for the decomposition of dead plant and animal material. (cf decomposition).
