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bio 20 > ecology cycles > Flashcards

ecology cycles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

closed system

A
  • energy exchange
  • NO matter exchange
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2
Q

open system

A
  • energy and matter exchange
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3
Q

photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) –> 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O (l)
* ALL LIVING THINGS DO IT*

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5
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

amount of energy is constant

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6
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

energy is neither created or destroyed

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7
Q

autotrophs

A

self feeding
suns energy –> chemical energy

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8
Q

heterotrophs

A

energy gained by eating producers

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9
Q

decomposers

A

return nutrients to soil
- also called detritivores

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10
Q

trophic levels

A

1 - producers, autotrophs
2 - primary consumer, herbivores
3 - secondary consumer, carnivores
4 - tertiary consumer, top carnivores

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11
Q

types of pyramids

A
  • numbers
  • biomass
  • energy
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12
Q

pyramid of biomass

A

representation of the total biomass measured in g/m^2

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13
Q

pyramid of energy

A
  • measured in joules of energy
  • always pyramid shape
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14
Q

biotic

A

living

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15
Q

abiotic

A

non-living

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16
Q

biomagnification

A

increase in toxin concentrations from one level to another on a food chains

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17
Q

rule of ten

A

10% of energy goes to the next consumer

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18
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of balance

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19
Q

properties of water

A
  • polar molecule
  • universal solvent
  • high specific heat capacity
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20
Q

high specific heat capacity

A

can absorb or release a LOT energy before changing energy

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21
Q

the hydrologic cycle

A

evaporation –> condesation –> precipitation

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22
Q

percolation

A

runoff, trickles through rock picking up ions as it becomes ground water

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23
Q

transpiration

A
  • plants release O2 during photosynthesis
  • H2O is lost
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24
Q

anoxic

A

lack of oxygen

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25
Q

hypoxic

A

less oxygen

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26
Q

cynobacteria

A

photosynthesize to release O2

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27
Q

stromatolites

A

fossilized rocks trapping cynobacteria

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28
Q

carbon cycle

A
  • photosynthesis
  • cellular respiration
  • combustion
  • decomposition
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29
Q

combustion

A

chemical reaction to oxygen that gives off heat

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30
Q

decomposition

A

the process of breaking down dead organic substances

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31
Q

carbon sources

A

any process that releases CO2 into the biosphere

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32
Q

carbon sinks

A

stores CO2

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33
Q

nitrogen (facts)

A
  • nitrogen is most of our atmosphere
  • nitrogen compounds are key components of proteins
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34
Q

nitrogen fixation process

A

rhizobium (bacteria) complete the reaction
(free nitrogen) N2 –> (ammonia) NH3

35
Q

ammonification

A

toxic ammonia (NH3) –> ammonium (NH4)

36
Q

nitrification

A

NH3 –> NO2 –> NO3
1. ammonia gets oxidized and becomes nitrite
2. nitrites become nitrates

37
Q

dentrifying

A

bacteria convert excess nitrate and nitrite to nitrogen gas
NO3 –> N2
(reverse fixation)

38
Q

short phosphorus cycle

A

heterotrophs eat it, release waste, waste decomposes for plants to use

39
Q

phosphorus is a component of…

A

DNA, ATP, and RNA

40
Q

long phosphorus cycle

A

phosphate dissolves in water, is used by animals to produce rocks (deposit)

41
Q

rhizobia

A

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

42
Q
  • energy exchange
  • NO matter exchange
A

closed system

43
Q
  • energy and matter exchange
A

open system

44
Q

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

A

photosynthesis

45
Q

C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) –> 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O (l)
* ALL LIVING THINGS DO IT*

A

cellular respiration

46
Q

amount of energy is constant

A

1st law of thermodynamics

47
Q

energy is neither created or destroyed

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

48
Q

self feeding
suns energy –> chemical energy

A

autotrophs

49
Q

energy gained by eating producers

A

heterotrophs

50
Q

return nutrients to soil
- also called detritivores

A

decomposers

51
Q

1 - producers, autotrophs
2 - primary consumer, herbivores
3 - secondary consumer, carnivores
4 - tertiary consumer, top carnivores

A

trophic levels

52
Q
  • numbers
  • biomass
  • energy
A

types of pyramids

53
Q

representation of the total biomass measured in g/m^2

A

pyramid of biomass

54
Q
  • measured in joules of energy
  • always pyramid shape
A

pyramid of energy

55
Q

living

A

biotic

56
Q

non-living

A

abiotic

57
Q

increase in toxin concentrations from one level to another on a food chains

A

biomagnification

58
Q

10% of energy goes to the next consumer

A

rule of ten

59
Q

a state of balance

A

homeostasis

60
Q
  • polar molecule
  • universal solvent
  • high specific heat capacity
A

properties of water

61
Q

can absorb or release a LOT energy before changing energy

A

high specific heat capacity

62
Q

evaporation –> condesation –> precipitation

A

the hydrologic cycle

63
Q

runoff, trickles through rock picking up ions as it becomes ground water

A

percolation

64
Q
  • plants release O2 during photosynthesis
  • H2O is lost
A

transpiration

65
Q

lack of oxygen

A

anoxic

66
Q

less oxygen

A

hypoxic

67
Q

photosynthesize to release O2

A

cynobacteria

68
Q

fossilized rocks trapping cynobacteria

A

stromatolites

69
Q
  • photosynthesis
  • cellular respiration
  • combustion
  • decomposition
A

carbon cycle

70
Q

chemical reaction to oxygen that gives off heat

A

combustion

71
Q

the process of breaking down dead organic substances

A

decomposition

72
Q

any process that releases CO2 into the biosphere

A

carbon sources

73
Q

stores CO2

A

carbon sinks

74
Q
  • nitrogen is most of our atmosphere
  • nitrogen compounds are key components of proteins
A

nitrogen (facts)

75
Q

rhizobium (bacteria) complete the reaction
(free nitrogen) N2 –> (ammonia) NH3

A

nitrogen fixation process

76
Q

toxic ammonia (NH3) –> ammonium (NH4)

A

ammonification

77
Q

NH3 –> NO2 –> NO3
1. ammonia gets oxidized and becomes nitrite
2. nitrites become nitrates

A

nitrification

78
Q

bacteria convert excess nitrate to nitrogen gas
NO3 –> N2
(reverse fixation)

A

dentrifying

79
Q

heterotrophs eat it, release waste, waste decomposes for plants to use

A

short phosphorus cycle

80
Q

DNA, ATP, and RNA

A

phosphorus is a component of…

81
Q

phosphate dissolves in water, is used by animals to produce rocks (deposit)

A

long phosphorus cycle

82
Q

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

rhizobia

83
Q

biomass production

A

g/m2/year

84
Q

rate of energy measurement

A

J/m2/year

bio 20 (2 decks)

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